Table of Contents
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Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Mainly inhabit tropical and subtropical waters; however, during the feeding period adults may migrate to the subarctic reaching as far north as Greenland, Iceland and the Bering Sea (Ref. 51887). Epipelagic- and mesopelagic, from near the surface to below 1,000 m, sometimes approaching inshore waters (Ref. 6011). Bathypelagic (Ref. 58302). Mainly nocturnal. Feed on fishes, cephalopods, tunicates, and crustaceans (Ref. 6011). Preyed upon by opah, sharks, albacore, yellowfin tuna, and fur seals (Ref. 6885). Oviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36025). Are synchronous hermaphrodites (Ref. 84733). Occasionally consumed but of little importance due to its soft flesh (Ref. 5217). The maximum weight given is for a 167 cm FL specimen (Ref. 42154).
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Post, A. 1984 Alepisauridae. p. 494-495. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 6011)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6011&speccode=99
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Distribution
Azores Exclusive Economic Zone, British Columbia, Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone [Pacific part], Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia, European waters (ERMS scope), FAO fishing area 67, Gulf of Maine, Gulf of Mexico, New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone, North East Pacific, North Pacific, North West Atlantic, Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone, Reunion, South Africa (country), Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone, United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
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Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
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Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145244
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Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145245
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van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374
http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1411
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MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0.
http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149081
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Borges, P.A.V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Gonçalves, V., Martins, A.F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R.S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.) (2010). A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Princípia, Oeiras, 432 pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/ascidiacea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149079
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Ramos, M. (ed.). 2010. IBERFAUNA. The Iberian Fauna Databank
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149024
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Gillespie, G. E. 1993. An updated list of the fishes of British Columbia, and those of interest in adjacent waters, with numeric code designations. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1918: 116 p.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=155121
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Hart, J.L., 1973. Pacific Fishes of Canada. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. Bull 180. 740 pages.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=147633
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World Register of Marine Species
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Circumglobal: Western Pacific (Ref. 6885, 7300); Eastern Pacific: from the Aleutian Islands to Chile, also (Ref. 2850); Western Atlantic: Gulf of Maine to the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, also (Ref. 7251); Eastern Atlantic (Ref. 4059). Indian Ocean (Ref. 57630). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). South China Sea and East China Sea (Ref.74511).
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Post, A. 1984 Alepisauridae. p. 494-495. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 6011)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6011&speccode=99
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Range Description
The Longnose Lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox) is widely distributed in subtropical and tropical waters and has been found in the eastern Pacific from the Aleutian Islands to Chile and in the western Pacific, from Japan to Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia (C. Roberts pers. comm. 2009). It also occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean off Natal, South Africa, and possibly the Maldives.
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Greenland southward to the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico; Georges and LaHave Banks
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
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National Distribution
Canada
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
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Circumglobal in tropical through cold temperate seas, including Hawaiian Islands.
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Widely distributed in the deep waters of the Atlantic, also reported in the northeastern Pacific.
- Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder,W.C.,1953; Post, A., 1984; Ambrose, D.A., 1996.
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 30 - 45; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 13 - 18; Vertebrae: 47 - 52
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Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) 1987 Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. (Révision 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de Pêche 37. FAO, Rome. 1529 p.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=231
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Size
Max. size
215 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)); max. published weight: 9,000 g (Ref. 42154)
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Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&speccode=942
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Romanov, E.V. and V.V. Zamorov 2002 First record of a yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) from the stomach of a longnose lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox). Fish. Bull. 100(2):386-389. (Ref. 42154)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=42154&speccode=99
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to 215 cm TL (male/unsexed); max.weight: 4,500 g .
- Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder,W.C.,1953; Post, A., 1984; Ambrose, D.A., 1996.
© Gulf of Maine - CoML
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Diagnostic Description
Mouth large with two erect fangs on palatines. Dorsal fin very high, about three rays beginning with third or fourth much exerted; adipose moderate in size, over posterior part of anal insertion (Ref. 6885). Generally pale, iridescent, darker dorsally; lateral adipose keel dark; all fins dark brown or black; peritoneum black (Ref. 6885). Branchiostegal rays: 7-8 (Ref. 36025).
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Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) 1987 Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. (Révision 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de Pêche 37. FAO, Rome. 1529 p.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=231
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Type Information
Holotype for Alepisaurus ferox
Catalog Number: USNM 110141
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): A. Taylor
Year Collected: 1859
Locality: California, Monterey, Monterey County, California, United States, Pacific
Catalog Number: USNM 110141
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): A. Taylor
Year Collected: 1859
Locality: California, Monterey, Monterey County, California, United States, Pacific
- Holotype: Gill, T. N. 1863. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 14: 129.
© Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
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Holotype for Alepisaurus ferox
Catalog Number: USNM 27705
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Illustration
Collector(s): R. King
Year Collected: 1880
Locality: Iliuliuk, Unalaska, Unalaska Island, Alaska, United States, Aleutian Islands, Pacific
Catalog Number: USNM 27705
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Illustration
Collector(s): R. King
Year Collected: 1880
Locality: Iliuliuk, Unalaska, Unalaska Island, Alaska, United States, Aleutian Islands, Pacific
- Holotype: Bean. April 1883. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. No. 16: 888.
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Type for Alepisaurus ferox
Catalog Number: USNM 9274
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): D. Hume
Locality: Puget Sound, Washington, United States, Pacific
Catalog Number: USNM 9274
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): D. Hume
Locality: Puget Sound, Washington, United States, Pacific
- Type:
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Ecology
Habitat
Environment
bathypelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51887); marine; depth range 0 - 1830 m (Ref. 50550)
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Fedorov, V.V., I.A. Chereshnev, M.V. Nazarkin, A.V. Shestakov and V.V. Volobuev 2003 Catalog of marine and freswater fishes of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2003. 204 p. (Ref. 50550)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50550&speccode=4633
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Orlov, A.M. and V.A. Ul'chenko 2002 A hypothesis to explain onshore records of long-nose lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox (Alepisauridae, Teleostei) in the North Pacific Ocean. Mar. Freshwater Res. 53:303-306. (Ref. 51887)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51887&speccode=99
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Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
The Longnose Lancetfish can be found in the epipelagic zone, down to the bathypelagic, ranging from just beneath the surface to 1830 m depth. It is distributed through mostly tropical and subtropical waters, though adults migrate to the subarctic to feed. Individuals feed on fish, cephalopods, tunicates and crustaceans (Post 1984), however diet can vary according to region. Cannibalism has also been seen within this species (Potier et al. 2007). Adolescents are synchronous hermaphrodites (Smith and Atz 1973).
Systems
- Marine
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Known from seamounts and knolls
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Stocks, K. 2009. Seamounts Online: an online information system for seamount biology. Version 2009-1. World Wide Web electronic publication.
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145453
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nektonic
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
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Epi- and mesopelagic, from near the surface to below 1,000 m, sometimes approaching inshore waters.
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
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Depth range based on 15 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 13 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0 - 1420
Temperature range (°C): 2.964 - 17.363
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.724 - 41.918
Salinity (PPS): 31.906 - 35.107
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.559 - 7.340
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.285 - 2.917
Silicate (umol/l): 1.847 - 133.284
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0 - 1420
Temperature range (°C): 2.964 - 17.363
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.724 - 41.918
Salinity (PPS): 31.906 - 35.107
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.559 - 7.340
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.285 - 2.917
Silicate (umol/l): 1.847 - 133.284
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 13 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0 - 1420
Temperature range (°C): 2.964 - 17.363
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.724 - 41.918
Salinity (PPS): 31.906 - 35.107
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.559 - 7.340
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.285 - 2.917
Silicate (umol/l): 1.847 - 133.284
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0 - 1420
Temperature range (°C): 2.964 - 17.363
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.724 - 41.918
Salinity (PPS): 31.906 - 35.107
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.559 - 7.340
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.285 - 2.917
Silicate (umol/l): 1.847 - 133.284
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 1 - 1829m.
From 1 to 1829 meters.
Habitat: bathypelagic. May be found near the surface (Ref. 6885). Mainly nocturnal. Feeds on hatchetfishes, lanternfishes, hake, rockfishes, agonids, other lancetfish, @Gilbertidia@, and spiny lumpsuckers (Ref. 6885); also on tunicates, cephalopods, and crustaceans. Preyed upon by opah, sharks, albacore, yellowfin tuna, and fur seals (Ref. 6885). Possibly hermaphroditic.
From 1 to 1829 meters.
Habitat: bathypelagic. May be found near the surface (Ref. 6885). Mainly nocturnal. Feeds on hatchetfishes, lanternfishes, hake, rockfishes, agonids, other lancetfish, @Gilbertidia@, and spiny lumpsuckers (Ref. 6885); also on tunicates, cephalopods, and crustaceans. Preyed upon by opah, sharks, albacore, yellowfin tuna, and fur seals (Ref. 6885). Possibly hermaphroditic.
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Bathypelagic; marine. Depth range: 1-1829 m. Epi- and mesopelagic, from near the surface to below 1,000 m, sometimes approaching inshore waters. Mainly nocturnal.
- Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder,W.C.,1953; Post, A., 1984; Ambrose, D.A., 1996.
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Migration
Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Orlov, A.M. and V.A. Ul'chenko 2002 A hypothesis to explain onshore records of long-nose lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox (Alepisauridae, Teleostei) in the North Pacific Ocean. Mar. Freshwater Res. 53:303-306. (Ref. 51887)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51887&speccode=99
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Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.
Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).
Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.
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Trophic Strategy
Swift swimmers. Mainly inhabit tropical and subtropical waters; however, during the feeding period adults may migrate to the subarctic reaching as far north as Greenland, Iceland and the Bering Sea (Ref. 51887). Epipelagic- and mesopelagic, from near the surface to below 1,000 m, sometimes approaching inshore waters (Ref. 6011). Bathypelagic (Ref. 58302). Mainly nocturnal. Feed on fishes, cephalopods, tunicates, and crustaceans (Ref. 6011). Preyed upon by opah, sharks, albacore, yellowfin tuna, and fur seals (Ref. 6885). For large fishes, the canibalism rate and the occurrence of large evasive prey and Sargassum seaweeds floating at the surface were greater than for small lancetfish (Ref. 75027). Often caught on tuna longlines (Ref. 58472). Cannibalism among lancetfish of the westernIndian Ocean appears to be an option for increasing adult survival during periods, or in areas of low prey abundance (Ref. 75026). May adapt its opportunistic foraging behavior, feeding on non-conspecific abundant prey such as crustaceans when available, and switching to a high level of conspecific predation in poor waters (Ref. 75026).Parasites of the species include nematode, tapeworm and a large muscular trematode (Profundiella alepisauri) (Ref. 5951).
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Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) 1987 Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. (Révision 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de Pêche 37. FAO, Rome. 1529 p.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=231
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Feed on fishes, cephalopods, tunicates, and crustaceans.
- Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder,W.C.,1953; Post, A., 1984; Ambrose, D.A., 1996.
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Oviparous. Gonads of adolescents are hermaphroditic, but there is no proof that the species is a functional hermaphrodite (Ref. 6011). However, further studies show that this species is a synchronous hermaphrodite where gonads consist of clearly defined and well separated ovarian and testicular regions with no indication of sequential maturation of the sex products (Ref. 84733).
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Post, A. 1984 Alepisauridae. p. 494-495. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 6011)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6011&speccode=99
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Reproduction
Oviparous, with planktonic larvae. Gonads of adolescents are hermaphroditic, but there is no proof that the species is a functional hermaphrodite.
- Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder,W.C.,1953; Post, A., 1984; Ambrose, D.A., 1996.
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Alepisaurus ferox
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 4 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
Download FASTA File
There are 4 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
AGTCTCCTTATCCGAGCCGAGCTAAGCCAACCCGGAGCCCTCCTGGGAGAT---GACCAAATCTATAACGTAATCGTAACCGCCCACGCCTTCGTAATAATCTTCTTCATAGTAATACCCGTTATAATCGGCGGGTTCGGAAACTGACTTATCCCCTTGATA---ATCGGGGCCCCTGACATAGCCTTTCCGCGAATGAACAACATGAGCTTCTGGCTACTTCCTCCATCCTTCCTCCTCCTCCTCTCCTCTTCAGCTGTTGAAGCTGGGGCCGGAACAGGGTGAACAGTCTACCCTCCTCTAGCTAGCAACTTAGCCCACGCCGGAGCCTCGGTCGACCTG---ACCATCTTCTCTCTCCATCTGGCGGGTATTTCTTCTATCCTGGGGGCTATTAACTTCATCACAACAATTATTAACATGAAACCCCCGGCCATCACCCAATACCAAACTCCCCTGTTTGTTTGAGCCGTTCTAATTACCGCAGTCCTTCTCCTACTCTCCCTCCCCGTCCTAGCGGCA---GGCATCACTATGCTCCTTACAGATCGAAACCTAAACACAACCTTCTTTGACCCAGCCGGCGGGGGGGATCCAATTCTTTACCAACACCTCTTCTGGTTCTTTGGCCACCCAGAAGTTTACATCTTAATTCTTCCCGGCTTCGGAATGATCTCCCACATTGTTGCCTACTATTCAGGTAAAAAA---GAACCCTTCGGCTACATGGGCATGGTCTGAGCAATGATAGCAATCGGACTTCTAGGTTTCATTGTCTGAGCA------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CCTCCCATGTTTAC
-- end --
-- end --
Download FASTA File
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Alepisaurus ferox
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 5
Specimens with Barcodes: 13
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 5
Specimens with Barcodes: 13
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
LC
Least Concern
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2010
Assessor/s
Paxton, J.R.
Reviewer/s
Collen, B., Richman, N., Beresford, A., Chenery, A. & Ram, M.
Contributor/s
De Silva, R., Milligan, H., Lutz, M., Batchelor, A., Jopling, B., Kemp, K., Lewis, S., Lintott, P., Sears, J., Wilson, P., Smith, J. & Livingston, F.
Justification
Alepisaurus ferox has been assessed as Least Concern. This is due to its widespread distribution across most of the world's ocean systems, and the depth at which it is found. Despite being taken as by-catch by the tuna longline fisheries, it is not targeted directly by any fishery, and has a broad distribution. Due to the deep-water nature of this species it is unlikely to be taken as by-catch my many other fisheries, and is unlikely to be impacted by any other human or climatic threats.
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National NatureServe Conservation Status
Canada
Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked
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NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
There is no population information available for this species.
Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats
Least Concern (LC)
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Major Threats
This species is frequently taken as by-catch by the longline tuna fisheries. Although sometimes eaten, Alepisaurus ferox is not a commercial species as it is not considered to be a favourable food fish. At present, the harvesting of this species is not considered a major threat as it is not targeted directly by the fishing industry, and lives at great depths.
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
There are no known species-specific conservation measures in place, or needed, for Alepisaurus ferox.
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Wikipedia
Alepisaurus ferox
Alepisaurus ferox is a species of lancetfish found in the ocean depths down to 1,830 metres (6,000 ft). This species grows to a length of 215 centimetres (85 in) TL and a weight of 9 kilograms (20 lb).
Contents |
Name
The scientific name is the Alepisaurus ferox, and the common name in english Long snouted lancetfish.[1]
Location
The Alepisaurus ferox lives in the marine environment, and are known to be found in deep-water ocean. They can be found in the areas including:
- Western Pacific
- Eastern Pacific
- Aleutian Islands to Chile
- Western Atlantic
- Gulf of Maine
- Gulf of Mexico
- Caribbean Sea
- Eastern Atlantic
- Indian Ocean
- Northwest Atlantic
- Canada
- South China Sea
- East China Sea [1]
Characteristics
The dorsal fin of Alepisaurus ferox is high up.[clarification needed] It has about three rays beginning with the third or fourth ray being strongly exerted. It is known to have a large mouth with two fangs. They are generally pale, iridescent, dark around their dorsal, and all of their fins are either dark brown or black.[1]
Notes
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2012). "Alepisaurus ferox" in FishBase. February 2012 version.
References
- ^ a b c "Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833". FishBase. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
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