Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Occurs mainly in deep waters around reefs (Ref. 30573). Carnivorous predator (Ref. 30573). Sold fresh in markets.
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Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith 1984 Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3507&speccode=4543
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Distribution
Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea to southern Natal, South Africa, including Madagascar.
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Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith 1984 Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3507&speccode=4543
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Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Red Sea, Somalia, South Africa (country), Tanzania
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
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Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
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Baranes, A & D. Golani (1993). An annotated list of deep-sea fishes collected in the northern Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6418
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Fourmanoir, P. (1961). Liste complementaire des poissons du Canal de Mozambique. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar Serie F (Oceanographie) 4: 83-166
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5940
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Red Sea, Western Indian Ocean: East Africa south to Natal (South Africa), east to Madagascar.
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 12; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8
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Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3198&speccode=4543
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Size
Max. size
60.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3198))
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Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3198&speccode=4543
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Diagnostic Description
Body red to pink with blue spots.
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Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3198&speccode=4543
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Description
Occurs mainly in deep waters around reefs. Carnivorous predator. Not of any great commercial importance in South Africa, but taken by line fishermen and ski-boat anglers. Sold fresh in markets.
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
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Ecology
Habitat
Environment
reef-associated; marine; depth range ? - 100 m (Ref. 3198)
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Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3198&speccode=4543
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Depth range based on 9 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 150 - 300
Temperature range (°C): 16.708 - 16.708
Nitrate (umol/L): 12.569 - 12.569
Salinity (PPS): 35.314 - 35.314
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.526 - 3.526
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.984 - 0.984
Silicate (umol/l): 7.678 - 7.678
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 150 - 300
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 150 - 300
Temperature range (°C): 16.708 - 16.708
Nitrate (umol/L): 12.569 - 12.569
Salinity (PPS): 35.314 - 35.314
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.526 - 3.526
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.984 - 0.984
Silicate (umol/l): 7.678 - 7.678
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 150 - 300
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 0 - 100m.
Recorded at 100 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated. Blueskin. Klunzinger, 1870 Attains 60 cm. Red Sea to Natal south coast where it frequents reefs, especially in winter, down to 100 metres. The large liquid eye, the red to pink body and blue spots are characteristic of the live fish. Not of any great commercial significance in South Africa, but caught by line fisherman and ski-boat anglers. Flesh good.
Recorded at 100 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated. Blueskin. Klunzinger, 1870 Attains 60 cm. Red Sea to Natal south coast where it frequents reefs, especially in winter, down to 100 metres. The large liquid eye, the red to pink body and blue spots are characteristic of the live fish. Not of any great commercial significance in South Africa, but caught by line fisherman and ski-boat anglers. Flesh good.
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Polysteganus coeruleopunctatus
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

No available public DNA sequences.
Download FASTA File
No available public DNA sequences.
Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Polysteganus coeruleopunctatus
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 5
Specimens with Barcodes: 5
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 5
Specimens with Barcodes: 5
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Threats
Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: commercial
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Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith 1984 Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3507&speccode=4543
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