Prionurus laticlavius — Details

Razor Surgeonfish learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Description

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Common names: sawtail (English), surgeonfish (English), cochinito (Espanol), navajón (Espanol)
 
Prionurus laticlavius (Valenciennes, 1846)


Razor sawtail


Body oval, compressed; a steep head profile; eye high on the head; a small protrusible mouth placed low on head; teeth moderately large, flattened, close set, with strongly tooth edges; dorsal fin VII-VIII,  27-28; anal rays III, 23; pelvic I, 5; 3 bony nobs along each side of middle of tail base; scales very small, rough; lateral line complete.


Grey with bright yellow tail fin; a few black spots on tail base; a dark bar through eye and another through shoulder; small juveniles are mainly yellow.


Maximum size, about 60 cm.


Habitat: rocky reefs; often occurs in large schools.

Depth: between 0-30 m.

The SW Gulf of California to Ecuador, plus the Galapagos Islands, Cocos, Malpelo, with stragglers at the Revillagigedos and the mouth of the Gulf of California. Most abundant south of ~10N

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Biology

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Inhabits shallow waters and forms big schools (Ref. 9267). Herbivorous, feeds in schools on algae attached to rocks or corals (Ref. 28023). Demersal species that generally inhabits rocky areas (Ref. 55763).
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Distribution

Range Description

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This species is endemic to the Eastern Pacific, and is primarily found from Costa Rica to Ecuador, including the Galapagos, Cocos, and Malpelo Islands. This species can also be found at the mouth of the Gulf of California, and around the Revillagigedo Islands. However, futher genetic studies are required to identify potential taxonomic differences or similarities between spotted and unspotted individuals, as the current distribution is based on those with a lack of spots.
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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 0 (S) - 30 (S)
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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific


 
Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, TEP endemic, Continent + Island (s), Continent, Island (s)

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap), Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos), Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo)

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Eastern Central Pacific: Costa Rica to Colombia, including the Revillagigedo, Cocos and Galapagos islands.
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Physical Description

Morphology

Size

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Length max (cm): 60.0 (S)
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Size

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Maximum size: 320 mm TL
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Max. size

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60.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 55763))
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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology
This reef-associated species inhabits shallow waters, forms big schools (Krupp 1995), and generally inhabits rocky areas (Jiménez Prado and Béarez 2004). It is herbivorous and feeds in schools on algae attached to rocks or corals (Grove and Lavenberg 1997).

Systems
  • Marine
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Depth range based on 7 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 3 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 1.35 - 27
  Temperature range (°C): 25.524 - 27.485
  Nitrate (umol/L): 2.498 - 2.674
  Salinity (PPS): 33.044 - 33.847
  Oxygen (ml/l): 4.602 - 4.731
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.409 - 0.480
  Silicate (umol/l): 2.926 - 3.252

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 1.35 - 27

Temperature range (°C): 25.524 - 27.485

Nitrate (umol/L): 2.498 - 2.674

Salinity (PPS): 33.044 - 33.847

Oxygen (ml/l): 4.602 - 4.731

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.409 - 0.480

Silicate (umol/l): 2.926 - 3.252
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 3 - 30m.
From 3 to 30 meters.

Habitat: reef-associated.
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Environment

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reef-associated; marine; depth range 3 - 30 m (Ref. 5227), usually 3 - 25 m (Ref. 27115)
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Habitat

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Salinity: Marine, Marine Only

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Bottom, Bottom only

Habitat: Reef (rock &/or coral), Reef only, Rocks, Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom)

FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated
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Trophic Strategy

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Inhabits shallow waters and forms big schools (Ref. 9267). Herbivorous, feeds in schools on algae attached to rocks or corals (Ref. 28023). Demersal species that generally inhabits rocky areas (Ref. 55763). Roving herbivore (Ref. 57615).
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Feeding

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Feeding Group: Herbivore

Diet: benthic microalgae, benthic macroalgae
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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

Reproduction

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Egg Type: Pelagic, Pelagic larva
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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Prionurus laticlavius

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category
LC
Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Allen, G., Robertson, R., Lea, B., Rivera, F., Zapata, F., Merlen, G., Edgar, G.

Reviewer/s
Carpenter, K., Polidoro, B., Livingstone, S. (Global Marine Species Assessment Team)

Justification
This species is widespread in the Eastern Pacific, and is relatively common throughout its range. There are no known major threats to this species, and no current indication of population decline. It is listed as Least Concern.
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Conservation status

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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed
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Population

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Population
This species is extremely abudant in southern part of its range, but is considered uncommon in the northern part. In the Galapagos archipelago, studies of this species reported a mean density of 118.6 individuals per 500 m2 (Edgar et al. 2004).
In the Gulf of Papagayo, Costa Rica, this species had a mean density of 0.03 (±0.22) individuals per m2 (Dominici-Arosemena et al. 2005). In Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica, this species had a density of 0.000 (±0.0020 individuals per m2, with a relative abundance of 0.011% (Figueroa 2001).

Population Trend
Stable
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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats
There are no major threats known for this species.
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Least Concern (LC)
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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions
There are no known conservation measures for this species. However, this species' distribution falls partially into a number of Marine Protected Areas in the Eastern Pacific region (WDPA 2006).
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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aquarium: commercial
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Wikipedia

Prionurus laticlavius

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Prionurus laticlavius is a tropical fish found in coral reefs in the eastern central Pacific Ocean.[1] It was first named by Achille Valenciennes in 1846,[1] and is commonly known as the Razor surgeonfish.[2] It is sometimes used in aquariums.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c Prionurus laticlavius at www.fishbase.org.
  2. ^ Common names for Prionurus laticlavius at www.fishbase.org.


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