Offshore species which inhabit the outer part of the continental shelf and upper part of the slope. Feed at night when they come up towards the surface (Ref. 1371). Juveniles feed primarily on crustaceans (Ref. 58452). Adults' food consists primarily of fishes (particularly lantern fishes, sardines and anchovies) and, to a lesser extent, crustaceans and squids (Ref. 1371). Spawning occurs near the bottom at 330-550 m depth range from April to July in New England and from late spring to early autumn in the Gulf of Mexico and the Carribean Sea (Ref. 58452). Marketed fresh, frozen and smoked.

Western Central Atlantic: Georges Bank, New England to Suriname and French Guiana.

Scotian shelf off eastern Canada, into eastern Canada into the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea to Rio de Janeiro

FAO fishing area 21, FAO fishing area 31, Gulf of Maine, Gulf of Mexico, New York, North West Atlantic

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Western Atlantic.

Dorsal spines (total): 1; Dorsal soft rays (total): 45 - 51; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 35 - 41; Vertebrae: 51 - 53

Maximum size: 400 mm TL

40.6 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 1371)); 70 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 4,100.0 g

Head rather long; mouth large; gill rakers short and thick, with blunt tips; pectoral fin tips reaching a vertical through anus in small fish but not in larger ones; overall color silvery white (Ref. 1371).

bathydemersal; non-migratory; marine; depth range 80 - 1170 m (Ref. 1371), usually 160 - 640 m (Ref. 1371)

benthic

deepwater species occuring over a wide depth range, usually deeper than 183m

Depth range based on 1796 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1224 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 19.5 - 1170
  Temperature range (°C): 1.099 - 25.374
  Nitrate (umol/L): 1.565 - 34.721
  Salinity (PPS): 31.852 - 37.596
  Oxygen (ml/l): 0.520 - 7.231
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.153 - 2.453
  Silicate (umol/l): 1.774 - 27.741

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 19.5 - 1170

Temperature range (°C): 1.099 - 25.374

Nitrate (umol/L): 1.565 - 34.721

Salinity (PPS): 31.852 - 37.596

Oxygen (ml/l): 0.520 - 7.231

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.153 - 2.453

Silicate (umol/l): 1.774 - 27.741
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

Habitat Type: Marine

Depth: 80 - 1170m.
From 80 to 1170 meters.

Habitat: bathydemersal.

Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.


There are 2 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.  Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.  See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.


Download FASTA File

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 9
Specimens with Barcodes: 22
Species With Barcodes: 1

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked

Not Evaluated

fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus