Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Taken by trawling over mud and sand at depths to about 55 m (Ref. 9790). Juveniles may enter brackish water.
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Kuronuma, K. and Y. Abe 1986 Fishes of the Arabian Gulf. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, State of Kuwait, 356 p. (Ref. 5999)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5999&speccode=13842
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Distribution
Indo-West Pacific: southern Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal through Malaysia, Indonesia to Bali and Celebes, Gulf of Thailand, Viet Nam, Hong Kong and southern Philippines. Also reported from the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819). Records from the northern Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf and east coast of Africa probably refer to other species.
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Knapp, L.W. 1999 Platycephalidae. Flatheads. p. 2385-2421. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9790)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9790&speccode=10776
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Physical Description
Morphology
Size
Max. size
30.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9790))
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Knapp, L.W. 1999 Platycephalidae. Flatheads. p. 2385-2421. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9790)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9790&speccode=10776
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Diagnostic Description
Lateral line scales often 53, each scale with a backward directed spine that extends beyond rear margin of scale, especially along the caudal peduncle. Interorbital width 9% or more of head length.
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Ecology
Habitat
Depth range based on 6 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 2 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 7.5 - 100
Temperature range (°C): 27.917 - 27.917
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.279 - 0.279
Salinity (PPS): 35.691 - 35.691
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.513 - 4.513
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.392 - 0.392
Silicate (umol/l): 4.834 - 4.834
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 7.5 - 100
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 2 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 7.5 - 100
Temperature range (°C): 27.917 - 27.917
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.279 - 0.279
Salinity (PPS): 35.691 - 35.691
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.513 - 4.513
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.392 - 0.392
Silicate (umol/l): 4.834 - 4.834
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 7.5 - 100
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Environment
demersal; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range ? - 55 m (Ref. 9790)
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Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683
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Knapp, L.W. 1999 Platycephalidae. Flatheads. p. 2385-2421. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9790)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9790&speccode=10776
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Migration
Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692).
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Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Grammoplites cf. scaber
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 3
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 0
Species: 3
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Threats
Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: minor commercial
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Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran 1991 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. (Ref. 4833)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4833&speccode=4592
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