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Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Found in aggregations over hard, algal coated bottoms of exposed, surf-swept outer reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs, to a depth of at least 24 m (Ref. 30573). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Juveniles associated with floating material (Ref. 58302). Mainly herbivorous, feeding on seaweed and associated invertebrates (Ref. 30573). Appear to be more commonly involved in hallucinogenic fish poisoning than most other related species (Ref. 4690). Caught with other types of artisanal gear. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 30874.
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Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306
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Distribution
Distribution
Chagos, Kenya, Mozambique, Red Sea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa (country), Tanzania
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MacNae, W. & M. Kalk (eds) (1958). A natural history of Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Witwatersrand Univ. Press, Johannesburg. I-iv, 163 pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6266
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
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Randall, J.E. (1992). Red Sea Reef Fishes. Immel Publishing.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6091
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Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
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Smith, J.L.B. & M.M. Smith (1963). The fishes of Seychelles. Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University. Grahamstown.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5926
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Bock, K.R. (1996). Checklist of the reef fishes of Diani and Galu, Kenya. Journal of East African natural History 85: 5-22.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6357
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Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Hawaiian, Line and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to Australia.
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Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 12; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 11 - 12
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Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306
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Size
Max. size
50.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 6642))
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Smith, M.M. 1986 Kyphosidae. p. 603-604. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 6642)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6642&speccode=5804
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Diagnostic Description
Description
Found in aggregations over hard, algal coated bottoms of exposed, surf-swept outer reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs, to a depth of at least 24 m. Appears to be more commonly involved in hallucinogenic fish poisoning than most other related species (Ref. 4690). Rare in Hawaii. Feeds on algae and invertebrates (Ref. 5213). Caught with other types of artisanal gear.
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
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Grey with dusky fins. When small or sub-adult with pale scale centers forming horizontal lines along scale rows. Soft parts of dorsal and anal fins elongated anteriorly, resulting in near vertical rear margins. Snout more angled down compared to other species (Ref. 48636).
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Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306
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Ecology
Habitat
Depth range based on 12 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 10 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.61 - 12
Temperature range (°C): 25.819 - 29.047
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.046 - 0.555
Salinity (PPS): 34.134 - 35.347
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.515 - 4.700
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.092 - 0.207
Silicate (umol/l): 1.097 - 6.035
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.61 - 12
Temperature range (°C): 25.819 - 29.047
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.046 - 0.555
Salinity (PPS): 34.134 - 35.347
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.515 - 4.700
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.092 - 0.207
Silicate (umol/l): 1.097 - 6.035
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 10 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.61 - 12
Temperature range (°C): 25.819 - 29.047
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.046 - 0.555
Salinity (PPS): 34.134 - 35.347
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.515 - 4.700
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.092 - 0.207
Silicate (umol/l): 1.097 - 6.035
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.61 - 12
Temperature range (°C): 25.819 - 29.047
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.046 - 0.555
Salinity (PPS): 34.134 - 35.347
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.515 - 4.700
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.092 - 0.207
Silicate (umol/l): 1.097 - 6.035
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 1 - 24m.
From 1 to 24 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated. Blue chubb. (Forsskal, 1775) Attains 70 cm. Chubbs are plump fish with noticeably small heads. Silvery-blue, darker above; silver band below the eye and yellow lines along body scale rows; fins dark. They inhabit shallow turbulent waters and feed exclusively on seaweed and redbait. At times they congregate in large numbers to graze on seaweed covered reefs. They can suddenly develop a white-spotted pattern on the body depending on their mood. Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific south to East London.
From 1 to 24 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated. Blue chubb. (Forsskal, 1775) Attains 70 cm. Chubbs are plump fish with noticeably small heads. Silvery-blue, darker above; silver band below the eye and yellow lines along body scale rows; fins dark. They inhabit shallow turbulent waters and feed exclusively on seaweed and redbait. At times they congregate in large numbers to graze on seaweed covered reefs. They can suddenly develop a white-spotted pattern on the body depending on their mood. Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific south to East London.
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Environment
reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 45 m (Ref. 58652)
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Broad, G. 2003 Fishes of the Philippines. Anvil Publishing, Inc., pasi City. 510 pp. (Ref. 58652)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58652&speccode=4745
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Trophic Strategy
Found in aggregations over hard, algal coated bottoms of exposed, surf-swept outer reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs, to a depth of at least 24 m. Mainly herbivorous, feeding on seaweeds and associated invertebrates (Ref. 30573). Appears to be more commonly involved in hallucinogenic fish poisoning than most other related species (Ref. 4690). Caught with other types of artisanal gear. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 30874.
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Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg 1960 Ecological relationships of the fish fauna on coral reefs of the Marshall Islands. Ecol. Monogr. 30(1):65-127. (Ref. 275)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=275&speccode=4738
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Kyphosus cinerascens
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 1
Species: 8
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 1
Species: 8
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Threats
Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: minor commercial
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Maugé, L.A. 1984 Kyphosidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean; (Fishing Area 51). Prepared and printed with the support of the Danish International Development (DANIDA), Rome, Vol. 2. (Ref. 9403)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9403&speccode=5805
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