Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Occurs in clear lagoon and seaward reefs around isolated coral heads. Prefers sandy bottoms of bays and lagoons rather than the coral reefs like most other Acanthuridae. The species is sometimes poisonous (Ref. 4795). Caught with nets (Ref. 30573).
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Randall, J.E. 1987 Three nomenclatorial changes in Indo-Pacific surgeonfishes (Acanthurinae). Pac. Sci. 41(1-4):54-61. (Ref. 1921)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1921&speccode=4750
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FishBase
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Distribution
Distribution
Chagos, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Reunion, Somalia, South Africa (country)
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
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Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
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Bock, K.R. (1996). Checklist of the reef fishes of Diani and Galu, Kenya. Journal of East African natural History 85: 5-22.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6357
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McClanahan, T.R. (1994). Kenya coral reef lagoon fish: effects of fishing, substrate complexity, and sea urchins. Coral Reefs 13: 231-241
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5911
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Letourneur, Y., M. Harmelin-Vivien & R. Galzin (1993). Impact of hurricane Firinga on fish community structure on fringing reefs of Reunion Island, S.W. Indian Ocean. Environmental Biology of Fishes 37: 109-120
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6048
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World Register of Marine Species
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Indo-Pacific: East Africa, including the Mascarene Islands (Ref. 37792) to the Tuamoto Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to southern Great Barrier Reef. Not occurring in the Red Sea.
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Randall, J.E. 1956 A revision of the surgeonfish genus Acanthurus. Pac. Sci. 10(2):159-235. (Ref. 1920)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1920&speccode=1255
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 25 - 28; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 23 - 26
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Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2334&speccode=13770
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Size
Max. size
40.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3145))
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Randall, J.E. 1986 Acanthuridae. p. 811-823. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3145)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3145&speccode=1256
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Diagnostic Description
Description
Occurs in clear lagoon and seaward reefs to a depth of at least 30 m around isolated coral heads. Prefers sandy bottoms of bays and lagoons rather than the coral reefs like most other Acanthuridae. The species is sometimes poisonous (Ref. 4795).
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
© WoRMS for SMEBD
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World Register of Marine Species
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Color in life dark brown without lines on body or spots on head (one phase is purplish grey); horizontal black band behind upper gill opening absent on juveniles
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Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2334&speccode=13770
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Ecology
Habitat
Depth range based on 19 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 15 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 1 - 35
Temperature range (°C): 25.245 - 29.061
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.048 - 0.732
Salinity (PPS): 32.279 - 35.383
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.454 - 4.812
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.118 - 0.327
Silicate (umol/l): 0.803 - 4.452
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 1 - 35
Temperature range (°C): 25.245 - 29.061
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.048 - 0.732
Salinity (PPS): 32.279 - 35.383
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.454 - 4.812
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.118 - 0.327
Silicate (umol/l): 0.803 - 4.452
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 15 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 1 - 35
Temperature range (°C): 25.245 - 29.061
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.048 - 0.732
Salinity (PPS): 32.279 - 35.383
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.454 - 4.812
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.118 - 0.327
Silicate (umol/l): 0.803 - 4.452
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 1 - 35
Temperature range (°C): 25.245 - 29.061
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.048 - 0.732
Salinity (PPS): 32.279 - 35.383
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.454 - 4.812
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.118 - 0.327
Silicate (umol/l): 0.803 - 4.452
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 1 - 30m.
From 1 to 30 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated.
From 1 to 30 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated.
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Environment
reef-associated; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 30 m (Ref. 9710), usually 2 - 15 m (Ref. 27115)
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Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9710&speccode=13770
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Baensch, H.A. and H. Debelius 1997 Meerwasser atlas. Mergus Verlag GmbH, Postfach 86, 49302, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. 3rd edition. (Ref. 27115)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27115&speccode=4306
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Trophic Strategy
Occurs in clear lagoon and seaward reefs around isolated coral heads. Prefers sandy bottoms of bays and lagoons rather than the coral reefs like most other Acanthuridae. Herbivorous (Ref. 43650). Stomach is muscular and gizzard-like. Principal food items are benthic sediments and filamentous microalgae (Ref. 5543).
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Thresher, R.E. and P.L. Colin 1986 Trophic structure, diversity and abundance of fishes of the deep reef (30-300 m) at Enewetak, Marshall Islands. Bull. Mar. Sci. 38(1):253-272. (Ref. 33482)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33482&speccode=4747
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Paired spawning (Ref. 240).
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Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&speccode=1256
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Acanthurus nigricauda
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 6 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
Download FASTA File
There are 6 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
MBFA263-07|MBIO441.4|Acanthurus nigricauda| ---------------------------------------ACCCTTTATTTAGTATTTGGTGCTTGAGCTGGGATAGTAGGAACGGCCCTA---AGCCTCCTAATCCGAGCAGAATTAAGCCAACCAGGCGCCCTTCTCGGGGAT---GACCAGATTTATAATGTAATTGTTACAGCACACGCATTCGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATGCCAATTATGATTGGTGGATTTGGAAACTGATTAATTCCACTGATG---ATTGGAGCCCCTGATATAGCATTCCCACGAATAAATAATATGAGCTTTTGACTTCTACCACCCTCTTTCTTACTTTTACTTGCATCCTCTGCAGTGGAATCTGGTGCTGGTACAGGGTGAACAGTTTATCCTCCTCTAGCCGGTAACCTCGCACATGCAGGAGCATCTGTAGACCTA---ACTATTTTCTCCCTTCACCTCGCAGGAATTTCCTCAATTCTTGGGGCTATTAATTTTATTACAACAATTATTAATATAAAACCCCCTGCCACTTCTCAGTACCAAACCCCCTTATTTGTATGAGCAGTACTAATTACTGCTGTTCTGCTTCTCCTCTCACTTCCTGTTCTTGCTGCT---GGAATCACAATATTACTCACAGACCGAAACCTAAACACTACTTTCTTCGACCCAGCTGGAGGAGGAGATCCCATTCTATATCAACACTTA-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --
-- end --
Download FASTA File
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Acanthurus nigricauda
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 6
Species: 19
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 6
Species: 19
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Threats
Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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FishBase
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
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Burgess, W.E., H.R. Axelrod and R.E. Hunziker III 1990 Dr. Burgess's atlas of marine aquarium fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. 768 p.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9210
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FishBase
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Wikipedia
Acanthurus nigricauda
Acanthurus nigricauda is a tropical fish with the common name epaulette surgeonfish.
Source:
Wikipedia
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