Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Inhabits mud or sand bottoms. Feeds on a wide range of small bottom-living organisms, mainly crustaceans (amphipods, shrimps), also polychaete worms and bivalve mollusks (Ref. 4710). Utilized as a food fish.
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Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4537&speccode=1255
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Distribution
Distribution
Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone, Black Sea, European waters (ERMS scope), Greek Exclusive Economic Zone, Wimereux
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Müller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=9269
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Hillewaert, H. 2010. Pers. com.
http://www.fishbase.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=141989
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van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374
http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1411
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A.Boltachev & E. Karpova, IBSS NAS Ukraine
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149025
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Koukouras, Athanasios. (2010). Check-list of marine species from Greece. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Assembled in the framework of the EU FP7 PESI project.
http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=142068
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Northeast Atlantic: British Isles south to Senegal (baie du Lévrier) and the Mediterranean.
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Desoutter, M. 1990 Soleidae. p. 1037-1049. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5304)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5304&speccode=527
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0
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Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) 1986 Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vols. I-III:1473 p.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=232
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Size
Max. size
35.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 35388)); max. reported age: 14 years (Ref. 32766)
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Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35388&speccode=37
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Deniel, C. 1990 Comparative study of growth of flatfishes on the west coast of Brittany. J. Fish Biol. 37(1):149-166. (Ref. 32766)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=32766&speccode=41
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Diagnostic Description
Upper eye less than its own diameter from dorsal profile of head. Anterior nostril on blind side not enlarged, its distance from front margin of head about twice in its distance from cleft of mouth. Anterior nostril on eyed side with backward-pointing tube reaching to front border of lower eye. Pectoral fin on eyed-side small, on blind side reduced.
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Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) 1986 Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vols. I-III:1473 p.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=232
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Ecology
Habitat
Depth range based on 15364 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 7419 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): -9 - 1676.5
Temperature range (°C): 7.337 - 15.375
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.473 - 12.900
Salinity (PPS): 34.029 - 37.413
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.585 - 6.447
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.247 - 0.817
Silicate (umol/l): 1.624 - 5.963
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): -9 - 1676.5
Temperature range (°C): 7.337 - 15.375
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.473 - 12.900
Salinity (PPS): 34.029 - 37.413
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.585 - 6.447
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.247 - 0.817
Silicate (umol/l): 1.624 - 5.963
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 7419 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): -9 - 1676.5
Temperature range (°C): 7.337 - 15.375
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.473 - 12.900
Salinity (PPS): 34.029 - 37.413
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.585 - 6.447
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.247 - 0.817
Silicate (umol/l): 1.624 - 5.963
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): -9 - 1676.5
Temperature range (°C): 7.337 - 15.375
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.473 - 12.900
Salinity (PPS): 34.029 - 37.413
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.585 - 6.447
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.247 - 0.817
Silicate (umol/l): 1.624 - 5.963
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Environment
demersal; marine; depth range 20 - 400 m (Ref. 35388)
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Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35388&speccode=37
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Evolution and Systematics
Evolution
Classification
Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808)
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Wheeler, A. (1992). A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(Suppl. A): 1-37
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=328
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Microchirus variegatus
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 20
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 0
Species: 20
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Threats
Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: commercial
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Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35388&speccode=37
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