Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Adults are found around rocks and seaweeds. Sometime schooling, more solitary when older. Feed on sea urchins, ophiuroids, mollusks, crabs and worms. They reach maturity when 2 years old (15-20 cm). Spawn during February to May in western Mediterranean (Ref. 4742). Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Males build dish shaped nests and guard the eggs (Ref. 205).
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Distribution
Range Description
In the Eastern Atlantic, this species is present from Portugal to Morocco, including the Azores Islands (P. Afonso pers. comm. 2008).
In the Mediterranean Sea, this species is present throughout the entire area except for the eastern Levantine Sea. It is not present in the Black Sea (Golani et al. 2006).
In the Mediterranean Sea, this species is present throughout the entire area except for the eastern Levantine Sea. It is not present in the Black Sea (Golani et al. 2006).
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Distribution
European waters (ERMS scope), Greek Exclusive Economic Zone, Portugese Exclusive Economic Zone, Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone
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van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374
http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1411
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Ramos, M. (ed.). 2010. IBERFAUNA. The Iberian Fauna Databank
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149024
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Koukouras, Athanasios. (2010). Check-list of marine species from Greece. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Assembled in the framework of the EU FP7 PESI project.
http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=142068
© WoRMS for SMEBD
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World Register of Marine Species
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Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Morocco and Azores. Also in the Mediterranean.
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FishBase
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Physical Description
Size
Max. size
45.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4742)); max. reported age: 17 years (Ref. 4742)
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Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras 1986 Labridae. p. 919-942. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4742)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4742&speccode=55
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
This species is found around rocks, amongst seaweeds and in seagrass beds. It exhibits some schooling but are more solitary when older. It feeds on sea urchins, ophiuroids, mollusks, crabs and worms.
Maturity occurs after two years at lengths between 15 and 20 cm. This species spawns from February to May in the western Mediterranean Sea (Quignard and Pras 1986). Demersal eggs are laid amongst seagrasses and are protected by the males (Golani et al. 2006).
Maturity occurs after two years at lengths between 15 and 20 cm. This species spawns from February to May in the western Mediterranean Sea (Quignard and Pras 1986). Demersal eggs are laid amongst seagrasses and are protected by the males (Golani et al. 2006).
Systems
- Marine
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Depth range based on 1 specimen in 1 taxon.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 1 - 1
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 1 - 1
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Trophic Strategy
Found around rocks and seaweeds. Sometimes schooling, more solitary when older. Feeds on sea urchins, ophiuroids, molluscs, crabs and worms. Mature when 2 years old (15-20 cm). Spawns during February to May in western Mediterranean..
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Males build dish shaped nests and guard the eggs (Ref. 205).
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Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras 1986 Labridae. p. 919-942. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4742)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4742&speccode=55
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FishBase
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Labrus merula
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 3 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
Download FASTA File
There are 3 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
GBGCA645-10|GQ341595|Labrus merula| ---------------------------AAAGATATTGGCACCCTTTATCTCGTATTTGGCGCTTGAGCCGGAATGGTAGGCACTGCTTTA---AGTTTGCTCATCCGAGCAGAACTTAGCCAACCAGGGGCCCTCCTCGGAGAT---GACCAAATTTATAACGTAATCGTCACGGCACATGCGTTCGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATACCAATTATGATCGGGGGCTTCGGGAACTGACTCATCCCCCTAATG---ATTGGGGCTCCCGATATGGCTTTCCCTCGAATAAACAACATGAGCTTCTGACTCCTCCCTCCCTCCTTCCTCCTCCTCCTCGCCTCTTCTGGGGTAGAAGCCGGAGCGGGCACTGGATGAACAGTATACCCCCCTCTAGCAGGAAACCTGGCCCACGCGGGAGCATCCGTTGATCTC---ACTATCTTTTCCCTTCACCTAGCAGGTATCTCTTCAATTTTAGGCGCTATTAATTTTATTACAACCATTATTAACATGAAACCCCCTGCCATCTCACAATATCAGACCCCTCTATTTGTATGATCCGTGCTGATCACCGCCGTCCTGCTCCTCCTCTCACTTCCTGTTCTTGCAGCT---GGTATCACGATGCTCCTCACAGATCGCAACCTTAACACCACCTTCTTTGACCCTGCTGGAGGCGGAGATCCTATTCTTTACCAACACCTGTTCTGATTTTTT-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --
-- end --
Download FASTA File
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Labrus merula
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 3
Species: 3
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 3
Species: 3
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
LC
Least Concern
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2010
Assessor/s
Pollard, D.
Reviewer/s
Sadovy, Y. & Carpenter, K.E.
Contributor/s
Justification
This species is widespread and common in the Mediterranean. There may be some threats from habitat degradation (i.e. seagrass bed destruction), however, the population has not shown any serious signs of decline. Therefore, this species is listed as Least Concern.
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
This species is relatively widespread and common throughout most of the Mediterranean Sea (D. Pollard pers. comm. 2008).
Population Trend
Stable
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IUCN
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Threats
Threats
Major Threats
Threats to this species include habitat degradation, specifically the reduction of Posidonia seagrass beds.
Larger individuals may be caught in the artisanal fisheries and used as food locally in the Mediterranean region (D. Pollard pers. comm. 2008).
Larger individuals may be caught in the artisanal fisheries and used as food locally in the Mediterranean region (D. Pollard pers. comm. 2008).
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IUCN
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Least Concern (LC)
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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FishBase
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
There are no specific conservation measures in place for this species. Its distribution overlaps several marine protected areas within its range.
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IUCN
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: subsistence fisheries; aquarium: commercial
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Burgess, W.E., H.R. Axelrod and R.E. Hunziker III 1990 Dr. Burgess's atlas of marine aquarium fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. 768 p.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9210
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Wikipedia
Brown wrasse
Brown wrasse (Labrus merula) is a wrasse species, common in the Eastern Atlantic: from Portugal to Morocco and Azores, also in the Mediterranean Sea. Up to 45 cm length. Reef associated fish species.
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