Bodianus diplotaenia — Details

Mexican Hogfish learn more about names for this taxon

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Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

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Adults inhabit rocky or coral areas (Ref. 9311). Sometimes also found on sandy bottoms and where marine plants abound (Ref. 9311). Solitary or forms aggregations of only a few individuals. Feed on crabs, brittle stars, mollusks, and sea urchins (Ref. 9311). At night, they agglomerate in cracks and crevices of rocks and caves to sleep (Ref. 9311). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9311). Starts life as a female, later becoming a functional male. Males defend temporary reproductive territories called leks. Sex change may be due to local social conditions, but it may also have a genetic component, since the reversal occurs over a limited size range (Ref. 28023). Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
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Description

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Common names: hogfish (English), vieja (Espanol)
 
Bodianus diplotaenia (Gill, 1862)


Mexican hogfish



Body robust, compressed;  large males  with pronounced hump between eyes; snout pointed; a canine tooth at rear of top jaw, 2 pairs of strong canines at front of top and bottom jaws; dorsal fin XII, 10; anal fin III, 12; adult  males  with long filaments on tail fin lobes and prolonged rays posteriorly on dorsal and anal fins ; pectoral rays 17; lateral line unbroken, smoothly arched; scales large, 31 with pores on lateral line.



IP:  reddish grading to yellow on posterior part of body and caudal fin; a pair of blackish stripes (may be broken) on upper half of side and individual scale margins brown to reddish;  TP:  bluish green with brown head (except lower jaw white) and narrow yellowish bar on middle of side; juveniles similar to IP but with yellow base color.


Maximum size to 76 cm, common to 35 cm.

Commonly seen on rocky reefs.

Depth: 5-75 m.



Central Baja California to the Gulf of California to northern Chile, including all the offshore islands.

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Distribution

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Eastern Pacific: Guadalupe Island and throughout the Gulf of California to Chile, including the Cocos, Malpelo, Revillagigedo and the Galapagos islands.
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Range Description

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This species is endemic to the Eastern Pacific, and is found from central Baja California and the Gulf of California to northern Chile, including all the offshore islands of Clarion, the Revillagigedos, Clipperton, Isla de Cocos and the Galapagos. It is also recorded from the northern tip of Chile between Arica and Iquique.
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Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California (Mexico) south to Peru, including offshore islands, west to Galapagos Archipelago.
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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 5 (S) - 75 (S)
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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific


 
Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, TEP endemic, Continent + Island (s), Continent, Island (s)

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California), Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap), Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos), Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo), South Temperate (Peruvian Province )

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Physical Description

Morphology

Size

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Length max (cm): 76.0 (S)
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Size

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Maximum size: 760 mm TL
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Max. size

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76.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5592)); max. published weight: 9,000 g (Ref. 5592)
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Diagnostic Description

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Body moderately deep and compressed; head large and pointed; teeth caniniform, enlarged, and somewhat crooked, two anterior pairs in each jaw; dorsal fin with 12 spines; posterior rays of anal and dorsal fins forming filamentous lobes; lower branch of first gill arch with 12 to 13 gill rakers; very large individuals blue, with a narrow, yellow, vertical bar immediately behind the posterior edge of the pectoral fin, juveniles red or reddish brown; females with 2 longitudinal black stripes (Ref. 55763).
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Type Information

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Syntype for Bodianus diplotaenia
Catalog Number: USNM 2988
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): J. Xantus
Locality: Cape St. Lucas, Baja California., Baja California Sur, Mexico, Pacific
  • Syntype: Gill, T. N. 1862. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 14 (3-4): 141-142.
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Ecology

Habitat

Environment

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reef-associated; marine; depth range 5 - 76 m (Ref. 9311), usually 5 - 18 m (Ref. 9311)
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Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology
This reef-associated species inhabits rocky or coral areas to depths of 75m. It is sometimes also found on sandy substrate and where marine plants abound (Gomon, 1995). At Gulf of Chiriqui, this fish could be found in all types of substrata, except sand and rubble (Dominici-Arosemena and Wolff, 2006). This species can also occasionally be found in estuaries and coastal lagoons along the tropical eastern Pacific coast (Cooke, 1992).

This species is solitary or may form aggregations of only a few individuals. It feeds on crabs, brittle stars, mollusks, and sea urchins (Gomon, 1995). At night, this species agglomerates in cracks and crevices of rocks and caves to sleep (Gomon, 1995). It starts life as a female, later becoming a functional male. Males defend temporary reproductive territories called leks. Sex change may be due to local social conditions, but it may also have a genetic component, since the reversal occurs over a limited size range (Grove and Lavenberg, 1997).

Systems
  • Marine
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Known from seamounts and knolls
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Depth range based on 40 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 12 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 1 - 50000
  Temperature range (°C): 19.490 - 27.666
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.162 - 8.632
  Salinity (PPS): 32.938 - 35.261
  Oxygen (ml/l): 4.242 - 4.879
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.327 - 1.385
  Silicate (umol/l): 2.028 - 17.402

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 1 - 50000

Temperature range (°C): 19.490 - 27.666

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.162 - 8.632

Salinity (PPS): 32.938 - 35.261

Oxygen (ml/l): 4.242 - 4.879

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.327 - 1.385

Silicate (umol/l): 2.028 - 17.402
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 5 - 76m.
From 5 to 76 meters.

Habitat: reef-associated.
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Salinity: Marine, Marine Only

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Near Bottom, Bottom, Bottom + water column

Habitat: Reef (rock &/or coral), Reef only, Rocks, Corals, Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom)

FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated
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Trophic Strategy

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Inhabits rocky or coral areas (Ref. 9311). Sometimes also found on sandy bottoms and where marine plants abound (Ref. 9311). Solitary or forms aggregations of only a few individuals. Feeds on crabs, brittle stars, mollusks, and sea urchins (Ref. 9311). At night, agglomerates in cracks and crevices of rocks and caves to sleep (Ref. 9311). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 57615).
  • Westneat, M.W. 2001 Labridae. Wrasses, hogfishes, razorfishes, corises, tuskfishes. p. 3381-3467. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9823)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9823&speccode=4844 External link.
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Feeding

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Feeding Group: Carnivore

Diet: mobile benthic worms, mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs), mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves, sea-stars/cucumbers/urchins, ectoparasites
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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

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Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
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Reproduction

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Egg Type: Pelagic, Pelagic larva
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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Bodianus diplotaenia

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The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.


There is 1 barcode sequence available from BOLD and GenBank.   Below is the sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.  See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen.  Other sequences that do not yet meet barcode criteria may also be available.

CCTTTATCTAGTATTTGGTGCCTGAGCCGGAATAGTCCGCTCCGCCCTAAGTTTACTAATCCGGGCTGAACTAAGCCAACCTGGCGCTCTCCTAGGAGACGACCAGATCTACAATGTTATTGTTACAGCGCACGCATTCGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATACCAATTATGATTGGTGGATTTGGAAACTGACTCATCCCTCTAATGATTGGAGCCCCCGATATGGCTTTCCCTCGAATAAATAACATAAGCTTCTGACTTCTCCCCCCATCATTCTTACTCCTACTCGCTTCTTCCGGAGTAGAAGCGGGGGCCGGGACTGGTTGAACCGTTTATCCTCCACTAGCGGGCAACTTAGCCCACGCAGGAGCTTCGGTTGACCTAACGATCTTCTCTCTTCACTTAGCAGGGGTTTCCTCAATTTTAGGAGCAATTAATTTCATTACAACTATCATTAACATGAAACCCCCAGCCATTTCTCAGTATCAAACCCCATTATTCGTATGAGCAGTCTTAATTACAGCAGTACTACTTCTTCTATCCCTCCCAGTTCTTGCTGCTGGTATTACAATACTTCTCACAGATCGAAACCTCAACACCACCTTCTTTGACCCCGCAGGAGGGGGAGACCCAATTCTATATCAACACCTA
-- end --

Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Bodianus diplotaenia

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 6
Specimens with Barcodes: 25
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category
LC
Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Allen, G., Rivera, F., Edgar, G., Zapata, F.

Reviewer/s
Robertson, R., Liu, M., Sadovy, Y., Craig, M.

Contributor/s

Justification
This species is widespread in the Eastern Pacific, and common throughout most of its range. There are no known major threats to this species, and no current indication of population decline. It is listed as Least Concern.
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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed
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Population

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Population
This species is considered to be abundant throughout much of its range.

This fish was studied in Gulf of Papagayo, Costa Rica (Dominici-Arosemena et al. 2005) with an density of 0.03±0.03 ind./ m2. At Gulf Dulce, Costa Rica, a mean density of 0.005±0.015 ind./ m2 was recorded, with a relative abundance of 0.131% (Figueroa, 2001). Within a five-site-study survey, at Catalinas Islands, this fish was observed 51 times in all sites (Espinoza and Salas, 2005). In Isla Gorgona, Rubio (1986) showed that this species is frequent in rocky and coralline substrates and occassionally found on sandy substrates. In a survey at Gorgona Island coral reefs, Colombia (Zapata and Morales, 1997), a mean density of 0.158 ind./10 m2 and a frequency of observation of 41.2% was registered. This species was studied in different sites at Galapagos archipelago, with an overall mean abundance of 18.4 ind./500 m2 (Edgar et al. 2004).

According to Aburto-Oropeza and Balart (2001), B. diplotaenia is a dominant species at Los Islotes, Gulf of California, with an occurrence frequency higher than 80%. In Cabo Pulmo, Mexico, this fish was considered common, with a relative abundance between 1-5%, and a relative frequency higher than 75% (Villarreal-Cavazos et al. 2000). In Bahía de Navidad, Jalisco, still in México, this fish was captured 4 times within 12 (one each month) field trips throughout a year (Rojo-Vázquez et al. 2001)

Population Trend
Stable
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Threats

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Least Concern (LC)
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Major Threats
There are no major threats known for this species. According to Dominici-Arosemena et al. (2005), this is a important aquarium fish in Gulf of Papagayo, Costa Rica, but such localized collecting of juveniles is unlkely to affect population.
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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions
There are no known conservation measures for this species. However, this species distribution falls partially into a number of Marine Protected Areas in the Eastern Pacific region (WDPA 2006).
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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aquarium: commercial
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