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Prionotus stephanophrys — Details

Lumptail Searobin learn more about names for this taxon

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Overview

Comprehensive Description

Description

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Common names: searobin (English), cabro (Espanol), rubio (Espanol), vaca (Espanol)

Prionotus stephanophrys Lockington, 1881

Blackfin searobin, Lumptail searobin

Head moderately deep; wide between eyes; snout wide, slightly projecting snout plates; no transverse groove across top of head behind eyes; mouth long, rear margin of jaw reaching slightly beyond level of front of eye; center of radiation of bony ridges on cheek without a spine; a smooth spine at end of preopercle; teeth on jaws and roof of mouth simple; two separate dorsal fins, X + 12; pectoral fin 13, relatively long, reaching below middle of second dorsal fin, 3 free rays relatively short; body scales rough; nape and rear flap of operculum with scales; lateral-line scales 50-55.

Grey brown, underside white; pectoral fins a strongly contrasted black; a black blotch on outer part of dorsal fin between fourth and fifth spines; second dorsal and caudal fin with rows of blackish spots.

Size: attains at least 43 cm.

Inhabits sand rubble bottoms.

Depth: 2-255 m.

Southern Baja California and the Gulf of California to Peru, and the Galapagos.

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Biology

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Inhabits sand or sandy-mud bottom (Ref. 2850).

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 336 p. (Ref. 2850) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2850&speccode=2592

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Distribution

Range Description

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This species is endemic to the Eastern Pacific, and is found from southern Baja California and the Gulf of California to southern Peru, including Malpelo and the Galapagos Islands.

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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 2 (S) - 255 (S)

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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific

Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, TEP endemic, Continent + Island (s), Continent, Island (s)

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California), Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap), Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos), Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo), South Temperate (Peruvian Province )

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Eastern Pacific: Columbia River in Washington, USA to Chile, but rare north of Baja California, Mexico.

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 336 p. (Ref. 2850) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2850&speccode=2592

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Physical Description

Morphology

Size

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Length max (cm): 43.0 (S)

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Size

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Maximum size: 390 mm TL

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Max. size

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43.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 38398))

Franke, R. and A. Acero 1996 Peces oseos comerciales del Parque Gorgona, Pacifico colombiano (Osteichthyes: Muraenesocidae, Hemiramphidae, Belonidae, Scorpaenidae, Triglidae, Malacanthidae, Gerreidae, Sparidae, Kyphosidae, Sphyraenidae e Istiophoridae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 44(2):763-770. (Ref. 38398) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38398&speccode=8221

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Type Information

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Type for Prionotus stephanophrys
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): W. Lockington
Year Collected: 1880
Locality: Pt Reyes Near San Francisco, San Francisco County, California, United States, Pacific

Type:

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology

This benthopelagic species inhabits sand, rubble or sandy-mud bottoms to depths of 225m (Eschmeyer et al. 1983).

Systems

Marine

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Depth range based on 53 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 4 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 3 - 188
  Temperature range (°C): 14.235 - 21.311
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.144 - 31.396
  Salinity (PPS): 34.213 - 34.888
  Oxygen (ml/l): 0.376 - 5.074
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.352 - 2.256
  Silicate (umol/l): 3.264 - 23.940

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 3 - 188

Temperature range (°C): 14.235 - 21.311

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.144 - 31.396

Salinity (PPS): 34.213 - 34.888

Oxygen (ml/l): 0.376 - 5.074

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.352 - 2.256

Silicate (umol/l): 3.264 - 23.940

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

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Depth: 15 - 110m.
From 15 to 110 meters.

Habitat: demersal. Inhabits sand or sandy-mud bottom usually between 18-46 m depth.

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Habitat

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Salinity: Marine, Brackish

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Bottom, Bottom only

Habitat: Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove), Soft bottom only, Mud

FishBase Habitat: Demersal

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Environment

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demersal; brackish; marine; depth range 15 - 110 m (Ref. 2850), usually 18 - 46 m (Ref. 2850)

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 336 p. (Ref. 2850) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2850&speccode=2592

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Trophic Strategy

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Forms schools. Known to occur at 60-360 m (Ref. 9098). Inhabits sand or sandy-mud bottom (Ref. 2850).

Espino, M., J. Castillo, F. Fernandez, A. Menqieta, C. Wosnitza-Mendo and J. Zevallos 1986 El stock de Merluza y otros demersales en Abril de 1985. Crucero Bic Humboldt (23 Marzo al 05 Abril de 1985). Informe No. 89 Inst. Mar Peru-Callao. (Ref. 9098) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9098&speccode=5939

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Feeding

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Feeding Group: Carnivore

Diet: mobile benthic worms, mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs), mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves, octopus/squid/cuttlefish

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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

Reproduction

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Egg Type: Pelagic, Pelagic larva

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Prionotus stephanophrys

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The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There is 1 barcode sequence available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is the sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen. Other sequences that do not yet meet barcode criteria may also be available.

MFC216-08|MFC216|Prionotus stephanophrys| ------------------------------------------CTCTACCTAGTGTTTGGTGCCTGAGCTGGAATAGTCGGCACAGCCTTG---AGCCTTCTAATTCGGGCAGAACTCAGTCAGCCTGGTCCCCTTCTGGGCGAC---GACCAACTTTATAATGTTATCGTTACAGCACATGCTTTTGTAATAATTTTCTTTATGGTTATGCCAATCATAATTGGGGGCTTTGGCAACTGACTTGTGCCCCTAATG---ATTGGGGCTCCCGACATGGCCTTTCCTCGAATAAATAACATAAGCTTCTGACTTCTCCCTCCTTCCTTCCTTCTTCTTCTCACCTCCTCAGCCGTAGAAGCTGGGGCTGGCACAGGATGAACTGTCTACCCACCCCTTGCTGGCAATCTCGCTCACGCAGGAGCCTCCGTGGATCTT---GCAATTTTTTCACTTCACTTAGCAGGGATCTCTTCAATTTTAGGGGCTATTAACTTTATCACTACTATTTTTAACATGAAGCCGCCAGCCATGTCCGCCTACCAGATACCCCTATTTGTTTGGGCCGTGTTAATTACTGCCGTACTTTTACTCCTCTCTCTCCCTGTTCTAGCTGCG---GCTATTACTATGCTACTCACAGACCGAAACTTGAATACCACTTTCTTTGACCCCGCAGGAGGAGGAGACCCCATCCTATATCAACACCTA-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --

Download FASTA File

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Prionotus stephanophrys

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 1
Species: 8
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category

LC

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2010

Assessor/s

van der Heiden, A., Cotto, A., Rojas, P., Bearez, P., Collette, B.

Reviewer/s

Carpenter, K., Polidoro, B., Livingstone, S. (Global Marine Species Assessment Team)

Justification

This species is widespread in the Eastern Pacific, and is common in many parts of its range. This species is fished commercially, but given its deep water and generalized habitats this is not thought to be a major threat to this species, and there is no current indication of population decline. It is listed as Least Concern.

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Conservation status

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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed

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Trends

Population

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Population

This species is common in many parts of its range. For example, it is common in the Gulf of California, Colombia, and Ecuador. It is present but not common in Nicaragua.

Population Trend

Unknown

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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats

There are no major threats known for this species. However, this species is of commercial importance, and various types of gears are used as catching methods (Bussing, 1995). It is primarily used for fish meal in northern Peru.

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Least Concern (LC)

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions

There are no known conservation measures for this species. However, this species distribution falls partially into a number of Marine Protected Areas in the Eastern Pacific region (WDPA 2006).

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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes

Fitch, J.E. and R.J. Lavenberg 1971 Marine food and game fishes of California. University of California Press, USA. 179 p. (Ref. 4563) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4563&speccode=2592

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