Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Inhabit coastal to outer reefs. Habitats from silty lagoons to pristine outer reef walls (Ref. 48637). Occur in shallow lagoon and seaward reefs. Solitary and territorial. Feed on a wide variety of invertebrates. Also taken by drive-in nets (Ref. 9770). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Monogamous (Ref. 52884).
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Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306
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Distribution
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa south to the Chalumna River, South Africa (Ref. 11228) and east to Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe Island. Replaced by closely related Sufflamen albicaudatus in the Red Sea (Ref. 37816).
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Matsuura, K. 2001 Balistidae. Triggerfishes. p. 3911-3928. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9770)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9770&speccode=9
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Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia.
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 26 - 28; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 23 - 26
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Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306
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Size
Max. size
30.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 30573))
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Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers 1996 FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p. (Ref. 30573)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30573&speccode=17471
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Diagnostic Description
Juveniles dark brown above, white below (Ref. 1602). Adult variable in color; the bar running through the pectoral base can either be yellow or black, and some individuals may be largely yellowish posteriorly (Ref. 1602).
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Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306
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Ecology
Habitat
Environment
reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 30 m (Ref. 1602)
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Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306
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Depth range based on 3 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 5 - 29.5
Temperature range (°C): 26.525 - 26.525
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.732 - 0.732
Salinity (PPS): 35.095 - 35.095
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.572 - 4.572
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.121 - 0.121
Silicate (umol/l): 0.869 - 0.869
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 5 - 29.5
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 5 - 29.5
Temperature range (°C): 26.525 - 26.525
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.732 - 0.732
Salinity (PPS): 35.095 - 35.095
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.572 - 4.572
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.121 - 0.121
Silicate (umol/l): 0.869 - 0.869
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 5 - 29.5
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 1 - 30m.
From 1 to 30 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated.
From 1 to 30 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated.
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Trophic Strategy
Occurs in shallow lagoon and seaward reefs. Solitary and territorial. Feeds on a wide variety of invertebrates (Ref. 1602).
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Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Male defends a defined territory, within which a female resides. On the day prior to spawning, female pushes her snout into the sandy bottom repeatedly and removes small stones and pieces of coral at several sites. Adhesive eggs are deposited on the sandy bottoms or in a small cavity of the reef covered with sand. Female fans the eggs and defends the nest, while male patrols around female.
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Kawase, H. and A. Nakazono 1992 Reproductive behavior of the flagtail triggerfish, Sufflamen chrysopterus. p. 905-907. In R.H. Richmond (ed.) Proceedings of the Seventh International Coral Reef Symposium, Guam.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8603
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Sufflamen chrysopterum
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 9 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
Download FASTA File
There are 9 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
CACCCTCTATTTAATTTTCGGTGCTTGAGCTGGGATAGTAGGCACAGCCTTAAGTCTATTAATCCGAGCGGAACTGAGCCAACCCGGCGCTCTCTTGGGCGATGACCAAATTTATAACGTCATCGTTACAGCACATGCTTTCGTTATAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATACCAATTATAATTGGTGGTTTTGGAAACTGGTTAATTCCTCTAATAATTGGAGCCCCTGACATAGCATTTCCCCGGATAAACAACATGAGCTTTTGACTCCTACCTCCCTCCCTCCTACTACTTCTTGCCTCCTCAAGCGTAGAAGCCGGAGCCGGGACTGGGTGAACCGTCTATCCCCCTCTCGCAGGTAACCTGGCCCACGCAGGGGCCTCTGTCGACCTTACCATCTTCTCTCTTCACCTGGCAGGTGTTTCATCCATCCTAGGGGCAATTAATTTTATTACAACAATTATTAACATAAAACCTCCCGCCATCTCCCAATATCAAACACCGTTATTTGTTTGAGCAGTCCTAATCACAGCAGTTCTCCTGCTCCTATCCCTCCCGGTTTTAGCTGCCGGAATTACAATGCTTCTCACGGACCGAAACCTTAATACCACATTTTTTGACCCTGCCGGAGGAGGAGACCCTATTCTCTATCAACACCT
-- end --
-- end --
Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Sufflamen chrysopterum
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 9
Specimens with Barcodes: 40
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 9
Specimens with Barcodes: 40
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Genomic DNA is available from 2 specimens with morphological vouchers housed at Florida Museum of Natural History
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Ocean Genome Resource
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Conservation
Threats
Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family
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Jonklaas, R. 1975 Collecting marine tropicals. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, USA. 224 p. (Ref. 10361)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=10361&speccode=9
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Matsuura, K. 2001 Balistidae. Triggerfishes. p. 3911-3928. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9770)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9770&speccode=9
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Wikipedia
Halfmoon triggerfish
The Halfmoon triggerfish, Sufflamen chrysopterum, is a triggerfish of the tropical Indo-West Pacific area.
The Halfmoon triggerfish lives around seaward reefs and shallow lagoons. It is solitary and can often be seen swimming around coral looking for small animals, like crustaceans and worms, on which it feeds.
The Halfmoon picassofish species is often also named Halfmoon triggerfish.
References
- "Sufflamen chrysopterum". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=173215. Retrieved 29 April 2006.
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Sufflamen chrysopterum" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
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