Trinectes xanthurus — Details

Sole learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Description

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Common names: sole (English), lenguado-redondo (Espanol), suela (Espanol)
 
Trinectes xanthurus Walker & Bollinger, 2001


Yellow-tail sole


Body oval; eyes on right side; no ring of cirri on margin of eye-side front nostril; snout rounded; mouth small, arched, a little below snout, ends under lower eye; front margin of head with short tentacles; rear edge of preopercle covered with skin, visible as a superficial groove; gill openings wide, united before pelvic fins; without opening connecting gill chambers on both sides; dorsal origin ~ above eye; dorsal rays > 51; anal rays ~ > 38; no pectoral fin in 95% of fish; pelvic on eye side fused to anal; pectorals present or absent; lateral line from head to tail, straight, with perpendicular branches running across body; body covered with rough scales; opercular margin on blind side mostly with scales. 



Eye-side dark brown, with faint, thin dark cross-bars and dark dots; dorsal and anal dark; tail yellow; rear ½ of blind-side dark grey-brown.


Size: 10 cm.

Habitat: river mouths and shallow coastal waters.

Depth: 5-25 m.

El Salvador to Panama.

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Distribution

Range Description

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This eastern tropical Pacific species is found from El Salvador to Colombia (Walker and Bollinger 2001).
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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 5 (S) - 25 (S)
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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific


 
Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, TEP endemic, Continental TEP endemic, Panamic province endemic, Continent, Continent only

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo)

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Eastern Central Pacific: Bahia San Miguel, Panama.
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Physical Description

Morphology

Size

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Length max (cm): 10.0 (S)
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Type Information

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Paratype for Trinectes xanthurus Walker
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Year Collected: 1959
Locality: Panama: E Pacific, Golfo de San Miguel., Panama, Pacific
  • Paratype: Walker, H. J. & Bollinger, J. 2001. Revista de Biologia Tropical. 49 (Suppl. 1): 177, Fig. 1.
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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology
This species can be found over soft substrataa in coastal areas and in estuaries and mangrove swamps. It feeds on mobile invertebrates and fishes and it has pelagic eggs and larvae. This species is found from two to 40 m, typically in depths less than 18 m.

Systems
  • Marine
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Depth range based on 15 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 1.5 - 70
  Temperature range (°C): 25.094 - 25.094
  Nitrate (umol/L): 2.596 - 2.596
  Salinity (PPS): 33.457 - 33.457
  Oxygen (ml/l): 4.037 - 4.037
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.462 - 0.462
  Silicate (umol/l): 4.557 - 4.557

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 1.5 - 70
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Habitat

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Salinity: Marine, Brackish

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Bottom, Bottom only

Habitat: Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove), Soft bottom only, Mud, Sand & gravel

FishBase Habitat: Demersal
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Environment

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demersal; marine
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Trophic Strategy

Feeding

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Feeding Group: Carnivore

Diet: mobile benthic worms, mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs), bony fishes
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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

Reproduction

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Egg Type: Pelagic, Pelagic larva
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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category
LC
Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Nielsen, J.G., Munroe, T., Tyler, J.

Reviewer/s
Carpenter, K., Polidoro, B., Livingstone, S. (Global Marine Species Assessment Team)

Justification
This species is common, has no major threats, and is found within several Marine Protected Areas. Therefore, this species is listed as Least Concern.
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Conservation status

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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed
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Population

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Population
This species is common within its range. There is no population information for this species.

Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats
There are no major threats to this species.
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Least Concern (LC)
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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions
There are no species specific conservation measures. However, this species' distribution includes a number of Marine Protected Areas in the tropical eastern Pacific region.
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