Raja clavata — Literature

Thornback Ray learn more about names for this taxon

The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

  • 1. IUCN Red List (November, 2005) http://www.redlist.org
  • 10. Serra-Pereira, B., Figueiredo, I., Bordalo-Machado, P., Farias, I., Moura, T. and Gordo, L.S. (2005) Age and growth of Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 – evaluation of ageing precision using different types of caudal denticles. Elasmobranch Fisheries Science, 17: 1 - 10. Available at http://www.ices.dk/products/CMdocs/2005/N/N1705.pdf
  • 2. FishBase (December, 2005) http://www.fishbase.org/search.php
  • 2006. "ARKive Images of Life on Earth" (On-line). Thornback Skate (Raja Clavata). Accessed March 16, 2011 at http://www.arkive.org/thornback-skate/raja-clavata/#text=Facts.
  • 3. HabitasOnline (December, 2005) http://www.habitas.org.uk/marinelife/species.asp?item=ZF1360
  • 4. McEachran, J. (2006) Pers. Comm.
  • 5. First Nature (December, 2005) http://www.first-nature.com/fishes/raja_clavata.htm
  • 6. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES): ICES-FishMap (December, 2005) http://www.ices.dk/marineworld/fishmap/ices/pdf/thornback.pdf
  • 7. Elasmodiver.com (December, 2005) http://www.elasmodiver.com/Thornback%20skate.htm
  • 8. Fisheries and Oceans – Canada (December, 2005) http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/sci/sa-mfpd/elasmobranchs/Elasmo_skates.htm
  • 9. Walker, P. (1995) Sensitive Skates or Resilient Rays? - a North Sea Perspective. The IUCN/SSC Shark Specialist Group: Shark News, 5: 0 - 0. Available at http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/organizations/ssg/sharknews/sn5/shark5news9.htm
  • A.Boltachev & E. Karpova, IBSS NAS Ukraine
  • Abdel-Aziz, S.H.0 The use of vertebral rings of the brown ray Raja miraletus (Linnaeus, 1758) off Egyptian Mediterranean coast for estimation of age and growth. Cybium 16(2):121-132. (Ref. 4760)
  • Ajayi, T.O. 1982 Food and feeding habits of Raja species (Batoidei) in Carmarthen Bay, Bristol Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 62:215-223. (Ref. 4921)
  • Ajayi, T.O.0 Food and feeding habits of Raja species (Batoidei) in Carmarthen Bay, Bristol Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 62:215-223. (Ref. 4921)
  • Alegre, M., J. Lleonart and J. Veny0 Espècies pesqueres d'interès comercial. Nomenclatura oficial catalana. Departament de Cultura, Generalitat Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. (Ref. 35117)
  • Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp.
  • Anonymous0 Fish collection database of CSIC. CSIC, Spain. (Ref. 39328)
  • Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)
  • Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509)
  • Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670)
  • Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)
  • Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)
  • Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919)
  • Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818)
  • Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508)
  • Appleby, C.0 List of Norwegian common names of fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28571)
  • Arkhipchuk, V.V.0 Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. (Ref. 30184)
  • Bailly, N. (2013). Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758. In: Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2013) FishBase. Accessed through: Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2013) FishBase at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=105883 on 2013-03-02
  • Baissac, J. de B.0 SWIOP/WP/54 - Checklist of the marine fishes of Mauritius. RAF/87/008/WP/54/90 Regional Project for the Development & Management of Fisheries in the Southwest Indian Ocean. (Ref. 58078)
  • Bat, L., Y. Erdem, S. Ustao?lu, Ö Yard?m and H. Hüseyin Sat?lm??0 A study on the fishes of the Central Black Sea coast of Turkey. J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment 11:291-296. (Ref. 88083)
  • Bauchot, M.-L.0 Raies et autres batoides. p. 845-886. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identificationpour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Mèditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3261)
  • Bañon, R., D. Villegas-Ríos, A. Serrano, G. Mucientes and J.C. Arronte0 Marine fishes from Galicia (NW Spain): an updated checklist. Zootaxa 2667: 1-27. (Ref. 86578)
  • Bedford, B.C., L.E. Woolner and B.W. Jones0 Length-weight relationships for commercial fish species and conversion factors for various presentations. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Directorate of Fisheries Research. Fisheries Research Data Report No. 10. (Ref. 54271)
  • Belford-Clark Company. 1890. Thornback. Pp. 5810 in Americanized Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 9. Examiner. Accessed March 24, 2011 at http://books.google.com/books?id=Dj0hAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA5810&dq=encyclopedia+raja+clavata&hl=en&ei=B9KKTd6JA6Sx0QHv3Z2CDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Raja%20clavata&f=false.
  • Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer0 FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome. 250 p. (Ref. 27121)
  • Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer0 Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Rome, FAO. 265 p., 11 colour plates. (Ref. 36731)
  • Bianchi, G.0 Fichas FAO de identifacao de espécies para propósitos comerciais. Guia de campo para as espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Angola. Preparado com o apoio da NORAD e da FAO (FIRM) Programa Regular, FAO, Rome. 184 p. (Ref. 3166)
  • Bilecenoglu, M., Taskavak E., S. Mater and M. Kaya0 Checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Zootaxa (113):1-194. (Ref. 57855)
  • Bor, P.0 Egg-capsules of sharks and skates. www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl/rogtabel.html (Ref. 41250)
  • Bor, P.H.F.0 Eikapsels van haaien en roggen. Wetenschap. Med. (223):1-48. (Ref. 41303)
  • Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454)
  • Borges, P.A.V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Gonçalves, V., Martins, A.F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R.S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.) (2010). A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Princípia, Oeiras, 432 pp.
  • Borges, T.C., S. Olim and K. Erzini0 Weight-length relationship for fish species discarded in commercial fisheries of the Algarve (southern Portugal). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 19(6):394-396. (Ref. 50427)
  • Brander, K. and D. Palmer0 Growth rate of Raja clavata in the north east Irish Sea. J. Cons. CIEM 42:125-128. (Ref. 4764)
  • Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)
  • Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)
  • Brito, A.0 Catalogo de los pesces de las Islas Canarias. Francisco Lemus, la Laguna. 230 p. (Ref. 6808)
  • Bruce, J.R., J.S. Colman and N.S. Jones0 Marine fauna of the Isle of Man. Memoir No. 36. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool. (Ref. 9488)
  • Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung0 Verzeichnis der Handelsbezeichnungen für Erzeugnisse der Fischerei und der Aquakultur. Retrieved 17 June 2003, from http://www.ble.de. (Ref. 47487)
  • CHEVOLOT, M., G. HOARAU, A. RIJNSDORP, W. STAM, J. OLSEN. 2006. Phylogeography and population structure of thornback rays (Raja clavata L., Rajidae). Molecular Ecology, 15/12: 3693-3705. Accessed February 23, 2011 at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03043.x/full.
  • CHEVOLOT, M., J. ELLIS, G. HOARARU, R. ADRIAAN, W. STAM, J. OLSEN. 2006. Population structure of the thornback ray (Raja clavata L.) in British waters. Journal of Sea Research, 56/4: 305-316. Accessed February 23, 2011 at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VHH-4K6KB12-3&_user=1086025&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F2006&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1654040519&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000051441&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1086025&md5=3bd19aaa05e9f97b8b75e1cf5f00891c&searchtype=a.
  • Capapé, C. and M. Desoutter 1981 Nouvelle description de Raja (Raja) clavata Linnaeus, 1758 et note sur la validité de Raja (Raja) capensis Müller et Henle, 1841. Cybium 5(4):23-39. (Ref. 39246)
  • Capapé, C. and M. Desoutter0 Nouvelle description de Raja (Raja) clavata Linnaeus, 1758 et note sur la validité de Raja (Raja) capensis Müller et Henle, 1841. Cybium 5(4):23-39. (Ref. 39246)
  • Cattrijsse, A.; Vincx, M. (2001). Biodiversity of the benthos and the avifauna of the Belgian coastal waters: summary of data collected between 1970 and 1998. Sustainable Management of the North Sea. Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs: Brussel, Belgium. 48 pp.
  • Chevolot, M., (2006). Assessing genetic structure of thornback ray, Raja clavata: a thorny situation? Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences pp148. University of Groningen.,
  • Chevolot, M., Ellis, J.R., Hoarau, G., Rijnsdorp, A.D., Stam, W.T. & Olsen, J.L., (2006). Population structure of the thornback ray (Raja clavata L.) in British waters. Journal of Sea Research, 56, 305?316
  • Chiarelli, A.B. and E. Capanna0 Cytotaxonomy and vertebrate evolution. Academic Press Inc., London. (Ref. 8533)
  • Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)
  • Clark, R.S., (1922). Rays and Skates (Raiae) No.1: Egg capsules and young Journal of Marine Biological Association UK 12, 577-643.
  • Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale0 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578)
  • Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. John Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
  • Cooper, G.P.0 Not given. Papers of Michigan Academy of Sci. 22:587. (Ref. 72473)
  • Costa, F.0 Atlante dei pesci dei mari italiani. Gruppo Ugo Mursia Editore S.p.A. Milano, Italy. 438 p. (Ref. 26335)
  • Coull, K.A., A.S. Jermyn, A.W. Newton, G.I. Henderson and W.B. Hall0 Length/weight relationships for 88 species of fish encountered in the North Atlantic. Scottish Fish. Res. Rep. (43):80 p. (Ref. 268)
  • Crespo, J., J. Gajate and R. Ponce0 Clasificación científica e identificación de nombres vernáculos existentes en la base de datos de seguimiento informático de recursos naturales oceánicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Madrid, Spain. 414 p. (Ref. 39531)
  • Daan, N., B. Johnson, J.R. Larsen and H. Sparholt0 Analysis of the ray (Raja spec.) samples collected during the 1991 International Stomach Sampling Project. ICES C.M. 1993/G:15. 17 p. (Ref. 37666)
  • De Gee, A. and A.H. Kikkert0 Analysis of the grey gurnard (Eutrigla gurnardus) samples collected during the 1991 International Stomach Sampling Project. ICES C.M. 1993/G:14. 25 p. (Ref. 37661)
  • December 2005. "ICES-Fish Map" (On-line pdf). Thornback Ray. Accessed March 16, 2011 at http://www.ices.dk/marineworld/fishmap/ices/pdf/thornback.pdf.
  • Demirhan, S.A., S. Semih Engin, K. Seyhan and E. Akamca0 Some biological aspects of thornback ray (Raja clavata L., 1758) in the southeastern Black Sea. Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 5: 75-83 (2005). (Ref. 82763)
  • Deval, M.C.0 Common names of marine fishes of Turkey. Unpublished report. (Ref. 41476)
  • Dhora, Dh.0 Fjalor i emrave të kafshëve të Shqipërisë (Emri shkencor - Shqip - Anglisht) / Dictionary of animal names of Albania (Scientific names - Albanian - English). Camaj - Pipa. Shkodër, Albania. pp. 288. (Ref. 87029)
  • Dhora, Dh.0 Regjistër I specieve të faunës së Shqipërisë 2010. [Register of Species of the Fauna of Albania 2010.]. Shkodër: Camaj-Pipa, 208 f.; 17 cm. (Ref. 83428)
  • Dipper, F., (2001). British sea fishes (2nd edn). Teddington: Underwater World Publications Ltd.
  • Dorel, D.0 Poissons de l'Atlantique nord-est relations taille-poids. Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer. Nantes, France. 165 p. (Ref. 6014)
  • Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449)
  • Dyntaxa (2013) Swedish Taxonomic Database. Accessed at www.dyntaxa.se [15-01-2013].
  • Ebeling, E.0 A brief survey of the feeding preferences of Raja clavata in Red Wharf Bay in the Irish Sea. p. 1-5 plus tables. ICES, C.M. 1988/G:58, Demersal Fish Committee. (Ref. 42683)
  • Ecomarg Project0 Biodiversity: Cantabrian Sea, Galician Shelf and Le Danois Bank. Ecomarg Project (ecomarg.net). (Ref. 57747)
  • Economidis, P.S. and E. Koutrakis0 Common names of comercially important Hellenic marine organisms. Aristotle University, Unpublished Technical Report. (Ref. 41475)
  • Economidis, P.S.0 Catalogue of the fishes of Greece. Reprinted from Hellenic Oceanology and Limnology, Praktika of the Inst. of Ocean. and Fishing Research, vol. 11 (1972). (Ref. 9057)
  • Economidis, P.S.0 Common names of Hellenic marine fishes. Aristotle University, Unpublished Technical Report. (Ref. 41474)
  • Ellis, J. 2005. "The IUCN Redlist of Threatened Species" (On-line). Accessed February 23, 2011 at http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/39399/0.
  • Ellis, J. R. & Shackley, S. E., (1995). Observations on egg-laying in the thornback ray Journal of Fish Biology, 46(5), 903 - 904.
  • Ellis, J. R., Pawson, M. G., & Shackley, S. E., (1996). The comparative feeding ecology of six species of shark and four species of ray (Elasmobranchii) in the North-east Atlantic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 76, 89-106
  • Ellis, J.R., A. Cruz-Martinez, B.D. Rackham and S.I. Rodgers0 The distribution of Chondrichthyan fishes around the British Isles and implications for conservation. J. Northw. Atl. Fish. Sci., Vol. 35:195-213. (Ref. 82399)
  • Ellis, J.R., Cruz-Martinez, A., Rackham, B.D. & Rogers, S.I., (2005). The distribution of chondrichthyan fishes around the British Isles and implications for conservation. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Science, 35, 195?213.
  • Ellis, J.R., M.G. Pawson and S.E. Shackley0 The comparative feeding ecology of six species of shark and four species of ray (Elasmobranchii) in the north-east Atlantic. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 76(1):89-106. (Ref. 28070)
  • Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282)
  • Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of November 1999. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in November 1999. (Ref. 33021)
  • FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549)
  • FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)
  • FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)
  • FAO0 FAO Yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings, volume 74. FAO Fish. Series 43. 677 p. (Ref. 8984)
  • Fahy, E.0 Fisheries for ray (Batoidei) in western statistical area VIIa, investigated through the commercial catches I. Department of Marine, Dublin. Irish Fish. Investigations, Ser. B (Marine), 34: 14 p. (Ref. 82452)
  • Filiz, H. and G. Bilge0 Length-weight relationships of 24 fish species from the North Aegean Sea, Turkey. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 20:431-432. (Ref. 57058)
  • Filiz, H. and S. Mater0 A preliminary study on length-weight relationships for seven elesmobranch species from North Aegean Sea, Turkey. E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 19(3-4):401-409. (Ref. 57057)
  • Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.)0 Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. (Révision 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de Pêche 37. FAO, Rome. 1529 p. (Ref. 231)
  • FishBase (Online source)
  • FlintegÃ¥rd, H.0 Fishes in the North Sea Museum's aquaria. North Sea Museum, North Sea Centre, DK-9850 Hirtshals. Hirtshals Bogtryk/Offset A/S. (Ref. 9900)
  • Flower, S.S. 1935 Further notes on the duration of life in animals. I. Fishes: as determined by otolith and scale-readings and direct observations on living individuals. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 2:265-304. (Ref. 274)
  • Flower, S.S.0 Further notes on the duration of life in animals. I. Fishes: as determined by otolith and scale-readings and direct observations on living individuals. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 2:265-304. (Ref. 274)
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1992 FAO yearbook 1990. Fishery statistics. Catches and landings. FAO Fish. Ser. (38). FAO Stat. Ser. 70:(105):647 p. (Ref. 4931)
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations0 FAO yearbook 1990. Fishery statistics. Catches and landings. FAO Fish. Ser. (38). FAO Stat. Ser. 70:(105):647 p. (Ref. 4931)
  • Foster-Smith, J. (ed.), (2000). The marine fauna and flora of the Cullercoats District. Marine species records for the North East Coast of England. Sunderland: Penshaw Press, for the Dove Marine Laboratory, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
  • Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari0 Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostoma and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Sea A (706):1-172. (Ref. 58342)
  • Fricke, R.0 Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31:759 p. (Ref. 33390)
  • Frimodt, C.0 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial warmwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9987)
  • Fritzsch, B. and P. Moller0 A history of electroreception. p. 39-55. In P. Moller (ed.) Electric fishes:history and behavior. Fish and Fisheries Series 17. Chapman & Hall, London. (Ref. 10311)
  • Froese R. & Pauly D. (eds) (2013). FishBase (version Feb 2013). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 11th March 2013 (Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
  • Galil, B.; Goren, M.; Mienis, H. (2011). Checklist of marine species in Israel. Compiled in the framework of the EU FP7 PESI project.
  • Gallagher, L.; Porteiro, F.; Dâmaso, C. (2006). Guia do consumidor dos peixes Açoreanos [Consumer's guide to Azorean fish]. Universidade dos Açores: Açores. ISBN 972-8612-27-3. 51, pictures pp.
  • Gallagher, M.J., C.P. Nolan and F. Jeal0 Age, growth and maturity of the commercial ray species from the Irish Sea. J. Northw. Atl. Fish. Sci., 35: 47-66. (Ref. 82418)
  • Gallagher, M.J., Nolan, C.P. & Jeal, F., (2005). Age, Growth and Maturity of the Commercial Ray Species from the Irish Sea Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science , 35, 47-66.
  • George, M.0 Haie, Rochen und Chimären in der Nord- und Ostsee. Elasmoskop 8(1):10-16. (Ref. 52268)
  • Gibson, R., Hextall, B. & Rogers, A., (2001). Photographic guide to the sea and seashore life of Britain and north-west Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Gibson, R.N. and I.A. Ezzi0 Feeding relationships of a demersal fish assemblage on the west coast of Scotland. J. Fish Biol. 31:55-69. (Ref. 12577)
  • Gilson, G. (1921). Les poissons d'Ostende [The fishes of Ostend]. Société Anonyme belge d'Imprimerie: Bruxelles, Belgium. 110 pp.
  • Gomes, T.M., E. Sola, M.P. Grós, G. Menezes and M.R. Pinho0 Trophic relationships and feeding habits of demersal fishes from the Azores: importance to multispecies assessment. ICES C.M. 1998/O:7. (Ref. 57504)
  • Grabda, E. and T. Heese0 Polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby. Cyclostomata et Pisces. Wyzsza Szkola Inzynierska w Koszalinie. Koszalin, Poland. 171 p. (in Polish). (Ref. 6313)
  • Granzotto, A.0 List of common Italian names. Personal communication (Excel file). (Ref. 45163)
  • Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011). Species.ie version 1.0 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (version of 15 March 2010).
  • HELCOM0 HELCOM red list of threatened and declining species of lampreys and fishes of the Baltic Sea. Baltic Sea Environmental Proc. No. 109. 40 pp. (Ref. 83294)
  • Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (ed.), (1995b). Handbook of the marine fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp.
  • Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM). (Ref. 36508)
  • Holden, M. 1975. The fecundity of Raja clavata in British waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 36/2: 110-118. Accessed February 23, 2011 at http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/36/2/110.abstract.
  • Holden, M. J. & Vince, M. R., (1973). Age validation studies on the centra of Raja clavata using tetracycline ICES Journal of Marine Science, 35(1), 13-17
  • Holden, M. J., (1972). The growth rates of Raja brachyura, R. clavata and R. montagui as determined from tagging data. Journal du Conseil International pour l?Exploration de la Mer, 34, 161?168.
  • Holden, M. J., (1975). The fecundity of Raja clavata in British waters.
  • Holden, M., M. Vince. 1973. Age validation studies on the centra of Raja clavata using tetracycline. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 35/1: 13-17. Accessed February 23, 2011 at http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/35/1/13.abstract.
  • Holden, M.J. and R.N. Tucker0 The food of Raja clavata Linnaeus 1758, Raja montagui Fowler 1910, Raja naevus Müller and Henle 1841 and Raja brachyura Lafont 1873 in British waters. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 35(2):189-193. (Ref. 41849)
  • Holden, M.T.0 The growth rates of Raja brachyura, R. clavata and R. montagui as determined from tagging data. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 34(2):161-168. (Ref. 1124)
  • Hostens, K.; Hamerlynck, O. (1994). The mobile epifauna of the soft bottoms in the subtidal Oosterschelde estuary: structure, function and impact of the storm-surge barrier. Hydrobiologia 282-283: 479-496
  • Howson, C.M. & Picton, B.E. (ed.), (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Belfast: Ulster Museum. [Ulster Museum publication, no. 276.]
  • Hughes, G.M. and D.E. Wright0 A comparative study of the ultrastructure of the water/blood pathway in the secondary lamellae of teleost and elasmobranch fishes - benthic forms. Z. Zellforsch. 104:478-493. (Ref. 2304)
  • Hughes, G.M. and M. Morgan0 The structure of fish gills in relation to their respiratory function. Biol. Revs. 48(3):419-475. (Ref. 2302)
  • Hughes, G.M.0 Distribution of oxygen tension in the blood and water along the secondary lamella of icefish gills. J. Exp. Biol. 56:481-492. (Ref. 2303)
  • Hulley, P.A.0 Rajidae. p. 115-127. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 2708)
  • Hunter, E., A. Buckley, C. Stewart, J. Melcaffe. 2005. Migratory behaviour of the thornback ray, Raja clavata, in the southern North Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 85: 1095-1105. Accessed February 23, 2011 at http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=341571.
  • Hunter, E., Buckley, A.A., Stewart, C. & Metcalfe, J.D., (2005). Migratory behaviour of the thornback ray, Raja clavata, in the southern North Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, 85, 1095-1105.
  • Hureau, J.-C. and T. Monod (eds.)0 Supplement. Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean. p.339-394. In J.-C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean.United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, France. Vols 1-2. 683 p. (Ref. 51024)
  • Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM : Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)
  • ICES Demersal Fish Committee0 Report of the Study Group on Elasmobranchs. ICES CM /G:2, 123 p. (Ref. 27347)
  • ICES0 Stomach Dataset. ICES-CIEM Stomach Data (1981-2010). Copenhagen. Available online at http://ecosystemdata.ices.dk/stomachdata/index.aspx. Consulted on 2012-10-22. (Ref. 92354)
  • IGFA0 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)
  • ILVO epifauna en demersale visdata: epifauna en demersale vismonitoring op het Belgisch deel van de Noordzee sinds 1979
  • IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
  • Iacob, L. and I. Dima0 Regnul Animalia. Eukarya. Enciclopedia Florei si Faunei din Romania. (Ref. 56616)
  • International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699)
  • International Game Fish Association0 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699)
  • Ishihara, H.0 Study on the systematics and fishery resources of the North Pacific skates (Pisces: Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Tokyo University. 186 p. Ph.D. dissertation. (Ref. 41249)
  • Joensen, J.S. and Å. Vedel TÃ¥ning0 Marine and freshwater fishes. Zoology of the Faroes LXII-LXIII, 241 p. Reprinted form. (Ref. 10953)
  • Jonsson, G.0 Islenskir fiskar. Fiolvi, Reykjavik, 568 pp. (Ref. 12462)
  • KALMIJN, A. 1971. THE ELECTRIC SENSE OF SHARKS AND RAYS. Journal of Exploratory Biology, 55: 371-383. Accessed March 24, 2011 at http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/55/2/371.
  • Kinzer, J.0 Aquarium Kiel: Beschreibungen zur Biologie der ausgestellten Tierarten. Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel. pag. var. (Ref. 12253)
  • Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche and H. Greven0 Database of fish chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften. (Ref. 34370)
  • Kotlyar, A.N.0 Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow. 288 p. (Ref. 5969)
  • Koukouras, Athanasios. (2010). Check-list of marine species from Greece. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Assembled in the framework of the EU FP7 PESI project.
  • Krstulovi? Sifner, S., N. Vrgo?, V.: Isajlovi?, I. Dadi?, M. Peharda and C. Piccinetti0 Long-term changes in distribution and demographic composition of thornback ray, Raja clavata, in the northern and central Adriatic Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 25 (Suppl. 1) (2009):40-46. (Ref. 81817)
  • Kullander, S.O.0 Swedish fishes: checklist of Swedish fishes. Swedish Museum of Natural History. http://www.nrm.se/ve/pisces/allfish.shtml.en, 25 May 1999. (Ref. 30402)
  • Labropoulou, M. and C. Papaconstantinou0 Community structure of deep-sea demersal fish in the North Aegean Sea (northeastern Mediterranean). Hydrobiologia 440:281-296. (Ref. 49586)
  • Lacourt, A.W.0 Eikapsels van de kraakbeenvissen, roggen, haaien, draakvissen (Chondrichthyes) van Noord-en West Europa. Wetenschap. Meded. (135):1-27 p. (Ref. 41251)
  • Leloup, E. (1951). Contributions à l'étude de la faune belge: 18. Observations sur des poissons marins en 1949. Med. K. Belg. Inst. Nat. Wet. 27(4): 1-12
  • Lesser, J.H.R.0 Studies on ray stocks of the south-eastern Irish Sea. MSc thesis, University of Wales, Bangor,Wales. (Ref. 82480)
  • Linnaeus, C.0 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordinus, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 824 p. (Ref. 1652)
  • Longevity Records: Life Spans of Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles, and Fish (Online source)
  • Louisy, P.0 Guide d'identification des poissons marins. Europe et Méditerranée. Paris: Eds. Eugène Ulmer. (Ref. 50675)
  • Lowenstein, O. 1959. A Functional Interpretation of the Electron-Microscopic Structure of the Sensory Hairs in the Cristæ of the Elasmobranch Raja clavata in Terms of Directional Sensitivity. Nature, 184/4701: 1807-1808. Accessed February 23, 2011 at http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1959Natur.184.1807L.
  • Lowenstein, O., M. Osborne, J. Wersall. 1964. Structure and Innervation of the Sensory Epithelia of the Labyrinth in the Thornback Ray (Raja clavata). Biological Sciences, 160/978: 1-12. Accessed February 23, 2011 at http://www.jstor.org/stable/75390.
  • Lowenstein, O., T. Roberts. 1950. THE EQUILIBRIUM FUNCTION OF THE OTOLITH ORGANS OF THE THORNBACK RAY (RA7A CLAVATA). Journal of Physiology, 110: 392-415. Accessed March 24, 2011 at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1392752/pdf/jphysiol01470-0148.pdf?tool=pmcentrez.
  • Luther, W. and K. Fiedler0 Guida della fauna marina costiera del Mediterraneo. Atlante illustrato a colori. Franco Muzzio & C. (editore), Roma. 244p. (Ref. 48500)
  • Lythgoe, J. and G. Lythgoe0 Vissen van de Europese kutswateren en de Middlellandse Zee. 335 p. (Ref. 41304)
  • MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0.  
  • Machado, P.B., L.S. Gordo and I. Figueiredo0 Skate and ray species composition in mainland Portugal from the commercial landings. Aquat. Living Resour. 17:231-234. (Ref. 82320)
  • Martin, C.S., Vaz, S., Ernande, B., Ellis, J.R., Eastwood, P., Coppin, F., Harrop, S., Meaden, G. & Carpentier, A., (2005). Spatial distributions (1989-2004) and preferential habitats of thornback ray and lesser-spotted dogfish in the Eastern English Channel.
  • Maruska, K. 2001. Morphology of the Mechanosensory Lateral Line System in Elasmobranch Fishes: Ecological and Behavioral Considerations. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 60/1-3: 47-75. Accessed April 14, 2011 at http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=87f34ad6-28db-4dd6-8ebc-81b728d02d97%40sessionmgr104&vid=2&hid=113.
  • Maxim, C. and N. Papadopol0 Clasa Osteichthyes. Diversity of Living World-An illustrated guide book of Rumanian biota. The Marine Environment coordinated by Müller, G.I., Bucuresti. (Ref. 39186)
  • McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
  • McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn. 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290.
  • McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn0 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
  • McEachran, John D., and Katherine A. Dunn. 1998. Phylogenetic Analysis of Skates, a Morphologically Conservative Clade of Elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia, vol. 1998, no. 2. 271-290
  • Mendes, B., P. Fonseca and A. Campos0 Weight-length relationships for 46 fish species of the Portugese west coast. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 20:355-361. (Ref. 59122)
  • Merella, P., A. Quetglas, F. Alemany and A. Carbonell0 Length-weight relationship of fishes and cephalopods from the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean). Naga ICLARM Q. 20(3/4):66-68. (Ref. 26178)
  • Mohamed Fall, K.O.0 Fishes of Mauritania. Unpublished compilation of K.O. Mohamed Fall. (Ref. 55783)
  • Morato, T., E. Solà , M.P. Grós and G. Menezes0 Diets of thornback ray (Raja clavata) and tope shark (Galeorhinus galeus) in the bottom longline fishery of the Azores, Northeastern Atlantic. Fish Bull. 101:590-602. (Ref. 50615)
  • Mouritsen, R.0 Fiskanøvn. www.frs.fo/frame2.htm (Ref. 51094)
  • Muus, B. and P. Dahlström0 Meeresfische der Ostsee, der Nordsee, des Atlantiks. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 244 p. (Ref. 4645)
  • Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388)
  • Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen0 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388)
  • Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlstrøm0 Havfisk og Fiskeri i Nordvesteuropa. GEC Gads Forlag, København, 244 p. (in Danish). (Ref. 6302)
  • Mytilineou, C., C.-Y. Politou, C. Papaconstantinou, S. Kavadas, G. D'Onghia and L. Sion 2005 Deep-water fish fauna in the Eastern Ionian Sea. Belg. J. Zool., 135(2):229-233. (Ref. 56504)
  • Mytilineou, C., C.-Y. Politou, C. Papaconstantinou, S. Kavadas, G. D'Onghia and L. Sion0 Deep-water fish fauna in the Eastern Ionian Sea. Belg. J. Zool., 135(2):229-233. (Ref. 56504)
  • Möller, H. and K. Anders0 Diseases and parasites of marine fishes. Verlag Möller, Kiel. 365 p. (Ref. 194)
  • Müller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.
  • NBN (National Biodiversity Network), (2002). National Biodiversity Network gateway. http://www.searchnbn.net, 2008-10-31 00:00:00
  • Nijssen, H. and S.J. de Groot0 Catalogue of fish species of the Netherlands. Beaufortia 21(285):173-207. (Ref. 1756)
  • Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, G. and I. Bianchi0 Guida degli squali e delle razze del Mediterraneo. 388 p. (Ref. 41314)
  • Nottage, A., E. Perkins. 2006. Growth and maturation of roker Raja clavata L. in the Solway Firth. Journal of Fish Biology, 23/1: 43-48. Accessed February 23, 2011 at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1983.tb02880.x/abstract.
  • Nottage, A.S. & Perkins, E.J., (1982). Growth and maturation of roker Raja clavata L. in the Solway Firth Journal of Fish Biology, 23 (1), 43 - 48.
  • Nunes, A.0 Peixes da Madeira. Edição da Junta Geral do distrito Autón. (Ref. 43402)
  • Nygren, A., B. Nilsson and M. Jahnke0 Cytological study in Hypotremata and Pleurotremata (Pisces). Hereditas 67:275-282. (Ref. 8537)
  • October 6, 2010. "Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 Thornback ray" (On-line). Fishbase. Accessed March 16, 2011 at http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=2059&AT=Thornback+Ray.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development0 Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products. Fishing News Books, Oxford. (Ref. 3383)
  • Papakonstantinou, C.0 Check-list of marine fishes of Greece. Fauna Graeciae IV, 257 p. (Ref. 48657)
  • Parker, G. 1905. The function of the lateral line organs in Fishes. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 24: 185-204. Accessed March 24, 2011 at http://books.google.com/books?id=prIgAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=Raja%20clavata%20lateral%20line%20system&f=false.
  • Payne, A., J. Cotter, A. Cotter, T. Potter. 2008. Advances in fisheries science: 50 years on from Beverton and Holt. John Wiley and Sons. Accessed March 24, 2011 at http://books.google.com/books?id=u20mdaUF3zMC&dq=parental+investment+thornback+ray&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s.
  • Picton, B.E. & Costello, M.J., (1998). BioMar biotope viewer: a guide to marine habitats, fauna and flora of Britain and Ireland. [CD-ROM] Environmental Sciences Unit, Trinity College, Dublin., http://www.itsligo.ie/biomar/
  • Plejic, T.0 Fische der Adria. Das romanische Element in der kroatischen Ichthyofauna. Mit Glossar der Adriafische Kroatisch-Englisch-Deutsch-Italienisch. Diploma Thesis. University of Leipzig Institute of Applied Linguistics and Translational Studies. (Ref. 58723)
  • Poll, M. (1945). Contribution à la connaissance de la faune ichtyologique du Bas-Escaut. Bull. Mus. royal d'Hist. Nat. Belg./Med. Kon. Natuurhist. Mus. Belg. 21(11): 1-32
  • Quignard, J.-P. and J.A. Tomasini0 Mediterranean fish biodiversity. Biol. Mar. Mediterr. 7(3):1-66. (Ref. 50345)
  • Raja clavata
  • Ramos, M. (ed.). 2010. IBERFAUNA. The Iberian Fauna Databank
  • Rass, T.S.0 Fish. Vol. 4, Life of animals. V.E. Sokolov (ed.), Moscow: Prosveschenie. 575p. (Ref. 30503)
  • Ricker, W.E.0 Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. (Ref. 48321)
  • Rochard, E. and P. Elie0 La macrofaune aquatique de l'estuaire de la Gironde. Contribution au livre blanc de l'Agence de l'Eau Adour Garonne. p. 1-56. In J.-L. Mauvais and J.-F. Guillaud (eds.) État des connaissances sur l'estuaire de la Gironde. Agence de l'Eau Adour-Garonne, Éditions Bergeret, Bordeaux, France. 115 p. (Ref. 51442)
  • Rogers, S.I. and R.S. Millner0 Factors affecting the annual abundance and regional distribution of English inshore demersal fish populations: 1973 to 1995. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 53:1094-1112. (Ref. 80786)
  • Rogers, S.I., D. Maxwell, A.D. Rijnsdorp, U. Damm and W. Vanheed0 Fishing effects in northeast Atlantic shelf seas: patterns in fishing effort, diversity and community structure. IV. Can comparisons of species diversity be used to assess human impacts on demersal fish faunas?. Fish. Res. 40 (1999) 135-152. (Ref. 82397)
  • Rousset, J. 1990. Population structure of thornback rays Raja clavata and their movements in the Bay of Douarnenez. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 70: 261-268. Accessed February 23, 2011 at http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4368296.
  • Rutkowicz, S.0 Encyklopedia ryb morskich (Encyclopaedia of sea fishes). Wydawnictwo Morskie, Gda?sk, pp. 663. (Ref. 84168)
  • Ryland, J.S. & Ajayi, T.O., (1982). Growth and population dynamics of three Raja species (Batoidei) in Carmarthen Bay, British Isles ICES Journal of Marine Science, 41 (2), 111-120.
  • Ryland, J.S. and T.O. Ajayi0 Growth and population dynamics of three Raja species (Batoidei) in Carmarthen Bay, British Isles. J. Const. int. Explor. Mer 41:111-120. (Ref. 3603)
  • Salekhova, L.P., N.S. Kostenko, T.A. Bogachick and O.N. Minibaeva0 Composition of ichthyofauna in the region of the Karadag State Reserve (Black Sea). J. Ichthyol. 28(2):16-23. (Ref. 45714)
  • Sammut, R.0 Mediterranean Sea Fishes. p. 3, 22. In R. Samut, Mediterranean sea fishes. R. Sammut, Malta. (Ref. 41523)
  • Sanches, J.G.0 Catálogo dos principais peixes marinhos da República de Guiné-Bissau. Publicações avulsas do I.N.I.P. No. 16. 429 p. (Ref. 26999)
  • Sanches, J.G.0 Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalizaçao estatística). Publicaçoes avulsas do I.N.I.P. No. 14. 322 p. (Ref. 26388)
  • Santos, R.S., F.M. Porteiro and J.P. Barreiros0 Marine fishes of the Azores: annotated checklist and bibliography. Bulletin of the University of Azores. Supplement 1. 244 p. (Ref. 35204)
  • Schneider, W.0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Ref. 2683)
  • Serena, F., R. Baino and P. Righini0 Geographical and depth distribution of rays in northern Tyrrhenian sea. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer. Méditerr. 31(2):277. (Ref. 47570)
  • Shiino, Sueo M. 1976. List of Common Names of Fishes of the World, Those Prevailing among English-speaking Nations. Science Report of Shima Marineland, no. 4. 262
  • Smith, M. 2004. The elasmobranch husbandry manual: captive care of sharks, rays, and their relatives. the University of California: Ohio Biological Survey. Accessed March 24, 2011 at http://books.google.com/books?id=TpoXAQAAIAAJ&q=mating+systems+skates&dq=mating+systems+skates&hl=en&ei=ecKLTbvIIM2Q0QGilrSgCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw.
  • Soljan, T.0 I pesci dell'Adriatico. Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Verona, Italy. (Ref. 33798)
  • Stehmann, M. & Bürkel, D.L., (1994). Rajidae. In: Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, vol. I., (eds. Whitehead, P.J.P., Bauchot, M.L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., pp. 163-196, UNESCO, Paris.
  • Stehmann, M. 1990 Rajidae. p. 29-50. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic. Junta Nacional de Investigaçao Cientifica e Tecnológica, Lisbon, Portugal. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4426)
  • Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel0 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167)
  • Stehmann, M.0 A record of Raja clavata, the eastern atlantic Thornback Skate, from the southern Madagascar ridge at Walters Shoal (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae). J. Ichthyol. 35(5):63-73. (Ref. 41670)
  • Stehmann, M.0 Rajidae. p. 29-50. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic. Junta Nacional de Investigaçao Cientifica e Tecnológica, Lisbon, Portugal. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4426)
  • Stehmann, M.0 Rajidae. p. 58-69. In J.C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Checklist of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM), UNESCO, Paris, Vol. 1. (Ref. 9995)
  • Stevens, J., R. Bonfil, N. Dulvy, P. Walker. 2000. The effects of fishing on sharks, rays, and chimaeras. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57/3: 476-494. Accessed March 24, 2011 at http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/3/476.full.pdf+html.
  • Stingo, V.0 New developments in vertebrate cytotaxonomy. II. The chromosomes of the cartilaginous fishes. Genetica 50(3):227-239. (Ref. 29443)
  • Stocks, K. 2009. Seamounts Online: an online information system for seamount biology. Version 2009-1. World Wide Web electronic publication.
  • Sulikowski, J.A., J. Kneebone, S. Elzey, J. Jurek, P.D. Danley, W. Huntting Howell and P.C.W. Tsang 2005 Age and growth estimates of the thorny skate (Amblyraja radiata) in the western Gulf of Maine. Fish. Bull. 103:161-168. (Ref. 53748)
  • Sulikowski, J.A., J. Kneebone, S. Elzey, J. Jurek, P.D. Danley, W. Huntting Howell and P.C.W. Tsang0 Age and growth estimates of the thorny skate (Amblyraja radiata) in the western Gulf of Maine. Fish. Bull. 103:161-168. (Ref. 53748)
  • Svetovidov, A.N.0 Handbook of the fauna of the USSR, fishes of the Black Sea. Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, 550 p. (Ref. 897)
  • Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402)
  • Sánchez, F., F. de la Gándara and R. Gancedo0 Atlas de los peces demersales de Galicia y el Cantábrico. Otoño 1991-1993. Publicaciones Especiales, Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Madrid, Spain (20). 100 p. (Ref. 27156)
  • Thiel, R., H. Cabral and M.J. Costa0 Composition, temporal changes and ecological guild classification of the ichthyofaunas of large European estuaries - a comparison between the Tagus (Portugal) and the Elbe (Germany). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 19(5):330-342. (Ref. 51031)
  • Van Damme, P.A.; Hostens, K.; Ollevier, F.P. (1994). Fish species of the lower Zeeschelde (Belgium): a comparison with historical checklists. Belg. J. Zool. 124(2): 93-103
  • Vanhaelen, M.-Th. (1990). Observations at Koksijde and Oostduinkerke after the heavy winter storms of 26-27 February and 1-2 March 1990 [Waarnemingen te Koksijde en Oostduinkerke na de zware winterstormen van 26-27 februari en 1-2 maart 1990]. De Strandvlo 10(4): 88-92
  • Vasil'ev, V.P.0 Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38. (Ref. 8973)
  • Vella, G., Rushforth, I., Mason, E., Hough, A., England, R., Styles, P, Holt, T & Thorne, P., (2001). Assessment of the effects of noise and vibration from offshore windfarms on marine wildlife. Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) contract report, ETSU W/13/00566/REP. Liverpool: University of Liverpool., Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) contract report, ETSU W/13/00566/REP. Liverpool: University of Liverpool.
  • Walker, P., Howlett, G., & Millner, R., (1997). Distribution, movement and stock structure of three ray species in the North Sea and eastern English Channel.
  • Walker, P.A. 1998 Fleeting images. Dynamics of North Sea ray populations. University of Amsterdam. 145 p. Ph.D. dissertation. (Ref. 41305)
  • Walker, P.A., J.I.J. Witte and H. van Steenbergen0 Growth and maturation of ray species in the North Sea: a comparative study. (in prep.). (Ref. 27365)
  • Walker, P.A.0 Fleeting images. Dynamics of North Sea ray populations. University of Amsterdam. 145 p. Ph.D. dissertation. (Ref. 41305)
  • Went, A.E.J.0 List of Irish fishes. Department of Lands, Fisheries Division, Dublin. 31 p. (Ref. 28679)
  • Wheeler, A., (1969). The fishes of the British Isles and north-west Europe. London: Macmillan.
  • Wheeler, A.0 A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(1):1-37. (Ref. 5204)
  • Whittamore, J., I. McCarthy. 2005. The population biology of the thornback ray, Raja clavata in Caernarfon Bay, north Wales. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 85: 1089-1094. Accessed February 23, 2011 at http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=341569.
  • Whittamore, J.M. and I.D. McCarthy0 The population biology of the thornback ray, Raja clavata in Caernarfon Bay, NorthWales. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 85:1089-1094. (Ref. 82453)
  • Wilhelmus, J., A. Smeets. 2004. The secondary olfactory connections in two chondrichthians, the shark Scyliorhinus canicula and the ray Raja clavata. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 218/3: 334-344. Accessed February 23, 2011 at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cne.902180309/abstract.
  • Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen0 Checklist and status of fish species in the Baltic Sea. ICES CM 2000/Mini:11, 15 p. (Ref. 36252)
  • Wirtz, P., R. Fricke and M.J. Biscoito0 The coastal fishes of Madeira Island-new records and an annotated check-list. Zootaxa 1715:1-26. (Ref. 74541)
  • Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)
  • d'Udekem d'Acoz, C. (1990). Notes on some organisms collected between Wenduine and De Haan on 3 March 1990 [Notes sur quelques organismes recueillis entre Wenduine et De Haan le 3 mars 1990]. De Strandvlo 10(3): 74-78
  • van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374

Disclaimer

EOL content is automatically assembled from many different content providers. As a result, from time to time you may find pages on EOL that are confusing.

To request an improvement, please leave a comment on the page. Thank you!