Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Found over rocky reef and banks of deep waters. Carnivorous species which feeds mainly on fish and squid (Ref. 5213). An excellent food fish. Sold fresh.
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Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3198&speccode=4543
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Distribution
Distribution
Mozambique, South Africa (country)
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
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Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
© WoRMS for SMEBD
Source:
World Register of Marine Species
Trusted
Western Indian Ocean: southern Mozambique to Durban, South Africa.
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Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3198&speccode=4543
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
Trusted
Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 12; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 - 9
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Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3198&speccode=4543
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
Trusted
Size
Max. size
120 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3507)); max. published weight: 16.0 kg (Ref. 4699)
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International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4699&speccode=2590
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Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith 1984 Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3507&speccode=4543
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
Trusted
Diagnostic Description
Description
Found over rocky reef and banks of deep waters. Carnivorous species which feeds mainly on fish and squid (Ref. 5213). An excellent food. Sold fresh in markets.
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
© WoRMS for SMEBD
Source:
World Register of Marine Species
Trusted
Ecology
Habitat
Environment
reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 30 - ? m (Ref. 5213)
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Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683
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Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga 1990 Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p. (Ref. 5213)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5213&speccode=6012
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
Trusted
Migration
Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
Trusted
Trophic Strategy
Feeds on fish and benthic animals (Ref. 4332).
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van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.) 1991 Marine linefish: priority species and research objectives in southern Africa. Oceanogr. Res. Inst., Spec. Publ. No.1. 132 p. (Ref. 4332)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4332&speccode=288
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
Trusted
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Polysteganus undulosus
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 6
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 0
Species: 6
Species With Barcodes: 1
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Conservation
Threats
Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
Trusted
Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes
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International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4699&speccode=2590
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Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith 1984 Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3507&speccode=4543
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
Trusted
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