Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Feeds primarily on fish (including Bregmaceros) and squid, but polychaetes and Pagurids crabs have also been found in the stomach (Ref. 1371).
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Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10).x+442p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 1371)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&speccode=25
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Distribution
Distribution
Mozambique, South Africa (country)
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
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Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
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Western Indian Ocean: Mozambique to Durban, South Africa (Ref. 2800).
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Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10).x+442p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 1371)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&speccode=25
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 2; Analspines: 0
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Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10).x+442p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 1371)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&speccode=25
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Size
Max. size
41.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 1371))
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Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10).x+442p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 1371)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&speccode=25
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Diagnostic Description
Description
Feeds primarily on fish (inlcuding Bregmaceros) and squid, but polychaetes and pagurid crabs have also been found in the stomach.
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
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Pyloric caeca 29 to 37. Scales fairly large with conical spinules arranged in widely divergent V rows or in quincunx pattern. Snout with a black margin along its leading edge only; first dorsal fin with black stripe on membrane between second spinous ray and first branched ray, otherwise generally dusky.
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Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10).x+442p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 1371)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&speccode=25
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Ecology
Habitat
Depth range based on 20 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 6 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 395 - 905
Temperature range (°C): 6.518 - 13.407
Nitrate (umol/L): 9.877 - 29.667
Salinity (PPS): 34.686 - 35.278
Oxygen (ml/l): 2.970 - 4.671
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.771 - 2.168
Silicate (umol/l): 6.496 - 48.886
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 395 - 905
Temperature range (°C): 6.518 - 13.407
Nitrate (umol/L): 9.877 - 29.667
Salinity (PPS): 34.686 - 35.278
Oxygen (ml/l): 2.970 - 4.671
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.771 - 2.168
Silicate (umol/l): 6.496 - 48.886
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 6 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 395 - 905
Temperature range (°C): 6.518 - 13.407
Nitrate (umol/L): 9.877 - 29.667
Salinity (PPS): 34.686 - 35.278
Oxygen (ml/l): 2.970 - 4.671
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.771 - 2.168
Silicate (umol/l): 6.496 - 48.886
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 395 - 905
Temperature range (°C): 6.518 - 13.407
Nitrate (umol/L): 9.877 - 29.667
Salinity (PPS): 34.686 - 35.278
Oxygen (ml/l): 2.970 - 4.671
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.771 - 2.168
Silicate (umol/l): 6.496 - 48.886
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 395 - 960m.
From 395 to 960 meters.
Habitat: benthopelagic.
From 395 to 960 meters.
Habitat: benthopelagic.
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Environment
bathydemersal; non-migratory; marine; depth range 395 - 960 m (Ref. 11953)
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Iwamoto, T. and E. Anderson 1994 Review of the grenadiers (Teleostei: Gadiformes) of southern Africa, with descriptions of four new species. Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. (61):1-28. (Ref. 11953)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11953&speccode=24990
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Trophic Strategy
Feeds primarily on fish (including Bregmaceros) and squid, but polychaetes and pagurid crabs have also been found in the stomach.
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Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10).x+442p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 1371)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&speccode=25
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Ventrifossa nasuta
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 0
Species: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Threats
Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: of no interest
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Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10).x+442p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 1371)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&speccode=25
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