Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Schooling by size and maturing from January through April. Flesh is light-colored of delicate flavor and good canning quality.
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Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 168)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=168&speccode=89
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Distribution
Range Description
This species is found in the temperate southwest Pacific, ranging around southeastern Australia, Norfolk Island and northern New Zealand.
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Distribution
New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone
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Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145244
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World Register of Marine Species
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Southwest Pacific: southeastern Australia, Norfolk Island and New Zealand.
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Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 168)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=168&speccode=89
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 17 - 19; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 18; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 14 - 17; Vertebrae: 45 - 46
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Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 168)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=168&speccode=89
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Size
Max. size
180 cm FL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637)); max. published weight: 9,400 g (Ref. 168)
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IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637&speccode=943
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Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 168)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=168&speccode=89
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Diagnostic Description
Mouth moderately large. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Swim bladder absent. Laminae of olfactory rosette 21 to 39. Spleen large and prominent in lateral view. Liver with elongate left and right lobes and a short middle lobe. Body completely covered with very small scales posterior to the corselet. Dorsal stripe closer to being horizontal than in other species of Sarda and extending up to the belly in some specimens.
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Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 168)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=168&speccode=89
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
This species is pelagic and oceanodromous. It schools by size and matures from January through April. It is found in schools in the inshore coastal waters of Queensland and feeds on various fish (Yoshida 1980). This species biology is not well known.
Maximum Size is 100 cm fork length (FL). The all-tackle angling record is a 9.4 kg fish caught off Montague Island, New South Wales in 1978 (IGFA 2011).
Maximum Size is 100 cm fork length (FL). The all-tackle angling record is a 9.4 kg fish caught off Montague Island, New South Wales in 1978 (IGFA 2011).
Systems
- Marine
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Environment
pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine
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Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683
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Migration
Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683
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Trophic Strategy
Schools by size. Juveniles and adults may be cannibalistic. Little is known about the biology of this species.
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Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 168)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=168&speccode=89
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FishBase
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Diseases and Parasites
Caligus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Lin, C.-L. and J.-s. Ho 2002 Two species of siphonostomatoid copepods parasitic on pelagic fishes in Taiwan. J. Fish. Soc. Taiwan 29(4):313-332. (Ref. 48562)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48562&speccode=1001
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Sarda australis
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 4 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
Download FASTA File
There are 4 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
FOA806-04|BW-A806|Sarda australis| ------------------------------------------CTTTATCTAGTATTTGGTGCATGAGCTGGAATAGTTGGCACAGCCCTA---AGCTTGCTTATTCGAGCTGAACTAAGCCAACCCGGTGCCCTTCTTGGGGAC---GACCAGATCTACAATGTAATCGTTACGGCCCATGCCTTCGTAATGATTTTCTTTATAGTAATACCAATTATGATCGGAGGGTTTGGAAACTGACTCATCCCCCTAATG---ATCGGGGCCCCCGACATAGCATTCCCCCGAATGAACAACATGAGCTTTTGACTCCTTCCCCCTTCTTTCCTTCTACTCCTTGCCTCTTCTGGGGTCGAAGCCGGTGCCGGAACCGGTTGAACAGTCTACCCGCCCCTTGCTGGTAATCTAGCTCACGCCGGAGCATCAGTTGACTTA---ACTATTTTTTCCCTACACTTAGCAGGTGTTTCCTCAATTCTTGGGGCAATTAACTTCATCACAACGATTATTAACATGAAACCCGCAGCTATCTCCCAATATCAAACACCCCTCTTTGTATGGGCTGTCCTAATTACAGCCGTTCTTCTCCTGCTATCACTACCAGTCCTTGCCGCT---GGCATTACAATGCTACTAACGGACCGAAATCTAAATACAACCTTTTTCGACCCGGCAGGCGGAGGTGACCCCATCCTTTACCAGCACTTA-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --
-- end --
Download FASTA File
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Sarda australis
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 4
Species: 4
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 4
Species: 4
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
LC
Least Concern
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2011
Assessor/s
Collette, B., Di Natale, A., Fox, W., Juan Jorda, M. & Nelson, R.
Reviewer/s
Russell, B., Polidoro, B. & Newman, S.
Contributor/s
Justification
This species is found around southeastern Australia, Norfolk Island and northern New Zealand. It is a minor commercial species. It is listed as Least Concern. However, more information is needed on this species biology and population trends.
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
There is no well-developed fishery for this species (Collette and Nauen 1983). Among the bonitos found in Australia, this species constitutes the majority of the catch. Reported landings in Australia since 1990 are approximately 100–150 tonnes per year, with a peak of 275 tonnes in 1998–1999 (NSW Department of Primary Industries 2008).
Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats
Threats
Major Threats
This is a minor commercial species caught with hook and line and providing first-rate sport to anglers using the lightest tackle (Grant 1982). It is also used as bait for billfishes, sharks, and tunas (Yoshida 1980, Grant 1982).
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Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
There are no known conservation measures for this species. More information is needed on this species biology, harvest levels and population trends.
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: usually; price category: Consumed as food.; price reliability: very high
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Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4537&speccode=1255
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Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=171&speccode=2534
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Wikipedia
Australian bonito
The Australian bonito, horse mackerel or little bonito, Sarda australis is a fish of the family Scombridae and is found in eastern Australia and New Zealand. They swim at depths reaching depths of approximately 30 m (98 ft), in open water. Its length is commonly at around 40–45 centimetres (16–18 in) fork length and 1.8–2.3 kilograms (4.0–5.1 lb) weight. Its maximum length and weight are about 100 centimetres (39 in) and 9.4 kilograms (21 lb), respectively.
References
- "Sarda australis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=202018. Retrieved 18 April 2006.
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Sarda australis" in FishBase. March 2006 version.
- Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox, Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand, (William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1982) ISBN 978-0-00-216987-5
- Collette, Bruce B.; Cornelia E. Nauen (1983). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and other related species known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Rome: FAO. pp. 137. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/ac478e/ac478e00.pdf.
Source:
Wikipedia
Unreviewed
