Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Found over sand and rubble areas of outer reef slopes (Ref. 30573). Feeds mainly on crustaceans, fish, echinoderms and mollusks (Ref. 30573). In New Caledonia, spawning peaks are observed in December and a fairly high percentage of gonads in advanced stages of maturity occurs between October and February. Marketed fresh (Ref. 9775).
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Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2295&speccode=8084
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Distribution
Distribution
Chagos, Comores, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa (country), Tanzania
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
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Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
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Indo-Pacific: East Africa to southern Japan and the Marquesan Islands.
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Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2295&speccode=8084
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8
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Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306
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Size
Max. size
50.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2295))
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Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2295&speccode=8084
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Diagnostic Description
Description
Found over sand and rubble areas of outer reef slopes. Feeds mainly on crustaceans, fish, echinoderms and molluscs. In New Caledonia, spawning peaks are observed in December and a fairly high percentage of gonads in advanced stages of maturity occurs between October and February. Marketed fresh (Ref. 9775).
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
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Body color is olive-gray or brown, with scattered irregular small black blotches. The upper edge of the operculum usually has a red spot. Lips are usually red. Fins are pale or pinkish.
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Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306
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Ecology
Habitat
Depth range based on 208 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 189 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 13 - 100
Temperature range (°C): 24.082 - 28.575
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.057 - 5.255
Salinity (PPS): 34.228 - 35.344
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.591 - 4.680
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.121 - 0.567
Silicate (umol/l): 0.851 - 10.063
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 13 - 100
Temperature range (°C): 24.082 - 28.575
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.057 - 5.255
Salinity (PPS): 34.228 - 35.344
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.591 - 4.680
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.121 - 0.567
Silicate (umol/l): 0.851 - 10.063
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 189 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 13 - 100
Temperature range (°C): 24.082 - 28.575
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.057 - 5.255
Salinity (PPS): 34.228 - 35.344
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.591 - 4.680
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.121 - 0.567
Silicate (umol/l): 0.851 - 10.063
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 13 - 100
Temperature range (°C): 24.082 - 28.575
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.057 - 5.255
Salinity (PPS): 34.228 - 35.344
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.591 - 4.680
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.121 - 0.567
Silicate (umol/l): 0.851 - 10.063
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 12 - 160m.
From 12 to 160 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated. Found over sand and rubble areas of outer reef slopes. Feeds mainly on crustaceans, fish, echinoderms and molluscs. In New Caledonia, spawning peaks are observed in December and a fairly high percentage of gonads in advanced stages of maturity occurs between October and February. Marketed fresh (Ref. 9775).
From 12 to 160 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated. Found over sand and rubble areas of outer reef slopes. Feeds mainly on crustaceans, fish, echinoderms and molluscs. In New Caledonia, spawning peaks are observed in December and a fairly high percentage of gonads in advanced stages of maturity occurs between October and February. Marketed fresh (Ref. 9775).
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Environment
reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 12 - 160 m (Ref. 9710)
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Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9710&speccode=13770
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Trophic Strategy
Found over sand and rubble areas of outer reef slopes (Ref. 30573). Feeds mainly on crustaceans, fish, echinoderms and mollusks (Ref. 30573).
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Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2295&speccode=8084
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Genomic DNA is available from 10 specimens with morphological vouchers housed at National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland
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Barcode data: Lethrinus rubrioperculatus
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 3 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
Download FASTA File
There are 3 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
TZMSA139-04|ADC185.15-2|Lethrinus rubrioperculatus| ------------------------------------------CTTTATTTAGTATTTGGTGCTTGAGCTGGCATAGTAGGGACAGCCCTA---AGCCTACTTATCCGAGCAGAACTTAGCCAACCCGGGGCGCTCCTAGGAGAT---GACCAGATTTATAATGTCATCGTCACAGCACACGCTTTTGTAATAATCTTCTTTATAGTAATACCTATCATGATCGGAGGCTTCGGTAACTGGCTCATTCCTCTAATG---ATCGGAGCCCCCGATATAGCATTCCCTCGAATGAATAACATGAGCTTCTGACTCCTGCCCCCTTCCTTCCTCCTTCTCCTCGCATCCTCAGGCGTTGAAGCCGGAGCGGGCACTGGATGAACAGTTTACCCCCCATTGGCGGGCAACCTCGCTCATGCAGGTGCATCTGTAGACCTA---ACAATTTTTTCCCTTCACTTAGCAGGAGTTTCCTCAATTCTGGGGGCTATTAATTTCATCACAACAATTATTAATATGAAACCCCCAGCTATTTCTCAATATCAAACGCCACTGTTCGTTTGAGCTGTCCTAATCACCGCCGTGCTTCTTCTTCTGTCCCTGCCAGTCCTTGCCGCC---GGAATTACGATGCTTCTAACAGACCGAAATCTAAATACTACCTTTTTTGACCCCGCNGANGGAGGAGACCCTATCCTTTACCAGCACCTC-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --
-- end --
Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Lethrinus rubrioperculatus
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 3
Species: 21
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 3
Species: 21
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Threats
Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: highly commercial
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Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=171&speccode=2534
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