Hermosilla azurea — Details

Zebra- Perch Sea Chub learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Description

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Common names: perch (English), seachub (English), chopa (Espanol)
 
Hermosilla azurea Jenkins & Evermann, 1889


Zebra-perch,     Zebra seachub



Body a deep oval, moderately compressed;  head pointed, short; mouth small, lips thick, opens at the front; the top jawbone slips partially under the under-eye bone when the mouth is closed; teeth incisiform, bases set horizontally in mouth, with curved, hockey-stick shape, outer band of large immovable teeth with flattened; teeth on central roof of mouth, none on tongue; preopercle smooth; dorsal fin continuous, XI spines that fold down into a scaly groove, 9 soft rays, spiny dorsal much longer base than soft dorsal; anal rays III, 10, soft anal much higher and shorter than soft dorsal; tail forked; paired fins are relatively short; origin of the pelvics behind the base of the pectoral fin; scales small, thick and rough, covering the body, soft portions of the median fins, none on snout or between eyes.



Sides with about 8 greyish-brown bars with light grey spaces between them; a blue spot on upper edge of gill cover and a black spot below pectoral-fin base; ventral portion of head and body whitish.

Size: grows to 45 cm.

Habitat: often seen in schools on shallow weed-covered reefs.

Depth: 0-15 m.

California (Monterey southwards) to Baja California, and Gulf of California, particularly in the northern and central parts.

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Biology

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Inhabit shallow inshore areas to 8 m depth. Encountered frequently in schools near Abudefduf troschelii. Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049). Also caught with harpoons (Ref. 9310).
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Distribution

Range Description

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This species is endemic to the Eastern Pacific, and is found from Monterey, California to Baja California, and in the Gulf of California.
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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 0 (S) - 15 (S)
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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific


 
Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, TEP non-endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic, Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily, California province, primarily, Continent, Continent only

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California), Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap), Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos)

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Eastern Central Pacific: Monterey Bay in California, USA to Gulf of California.
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Physical Description

Morphology

Size

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Length max (cm): 45.0 (S)
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Size

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Maximum size: 450 mm TL
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Max. size

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45.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9310))
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Type Information

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Type for Hermosilla azurea
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Illustration; Photograph; Radiograph
Collector(s): O. Jenkins & B. Evermann
Locality: Gulf of California, Mexico, Pacific
  • Type:
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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology
This benthopelagic species inhabits shallow inshore areas to 15 m depth. It is encountered frequently in schools.

Systems
  • Marine
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Depth range based on 8 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 2 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 2 - 12
  Temperature range (°C): 20.794 - 22.443
  Nitrate (umol/L): 3.645 - 5.631
  Salinity (PPS): 35.125 - 35.261
  Oxygen (ml/l): 4.744 - 4.879
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.897 - 1.098
  Silicate (umol/l): 7.763 - 12.886

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 2 - 12

Temperature range (°C): 20.794 - 22.443

Nitrate (umol/L): 3.645 - 5.631

Salinity (PPS): 35.125 - 35.261

Oxygen (ml/l): 4.744 - 4.879

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.897 - 1.098

Silicate (umol/l): 7.763 - 12.886
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 0 - 8m.
Recorded at 8 meters.

Habitat: benthopelagic. Inhabits shallow inshore areas to 8 m depth. Encountered frequently in schools near @Abudefduf troschelii@. Also caught with harpoons (Ref. 9310).
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Habitat

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Salinity: Marine, Marine Only

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Near Bottom, Bottom, Bottom + water column

Habitat: Reef (rock &/or coral), Reef only, Rocks, Macroalgae, Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom)

FishBase Habitat: Bentho-Pelagic
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Environment

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benthopelagic; marine; depth range ? - 8 m (Ref. 9310)
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Trophic Strategy

Feeding

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Feeding Group: Omnivore, Herbivore

Diet: benthic microalgae, benthic macroalgae
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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

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Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).
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Reproduction

Reproduction

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Egg Type: Pelagic, Pelagic larva
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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Hermosilla azurea

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The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species. 

 
There are 2 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.  Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.  See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
 
MFC086-08|MFC086|Hermosilla azurea| ------------------------------------------CTCTATCTAGTATTTGGTGCTTGAGCCGGAATAGTGGGCACAGCCCTG---AGCCTACTCATTCGAGCAGAACTAAGCCAACCAGGCGCCCTCCTAGGAGAC---GACCAAATTTATAATGTAATCGTTACAGCACATGCCTTTGTAATGATTTTCTTTATAGTAATGCCAATTATGATTGGAGGATTTGGGAACTGACTTATCCCACTTATG---ATCGGAGCCCCAGACATGGCATTCCCTCGAATAAATAACATGAGCTTCTGACTCCTTCCCCCTTCCTTCCTGCTGCTCCTAGCCTCTTCCGGGGTAGAAGCCGGGGCCGGAACCGGTTGAACCGTTTACCCGCCTCTCGCCGGCAACCTCGCCCACGCAGGAGCATCCGTTGACCTG---ACCATCTTCTCCCTACATTTAGCAGGTGTCTCCTCAATTCTAGGGGCCATTAACTTTATCACGACCATCATTAATATGAAACCCCCTGCTATTTCCCAGTATCAAACACCATTATTTGTATGAGCAGTACTAATTACTGCTGTTCTTCTGCTCCTTTCTCTTCCAGTCCTTGCTGCC---GGCATTACTATGCTTCTGACAGACCGAAATCTTAACACCACCTTCTTCGACCCTGCAGGAGGGGGAGATCCCATCCTTTACCAACATCTA-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-- end --

Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Hermosilla azurea

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 2
Species: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category
LC
Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Allen, G., Robertson, R., Lea, B., Findley, L.

Reviewer/s
Carpenter, K., Polidoro, B., Livingstone, S. (Global Marine Species Assessment Team)

Justification
This species is widespread in the Eastern Pacific, and common throughout most of its range. There are no known major threats to this species, and the population is increasing in some parts of its range. It is listed as Least Concern.
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Conservation status

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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed
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Population

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Population
This species is considered to be moderately common in the Gulf of California, with no indication of major population fluctuations, and is common on Pacific coast of Baja. In California, the population has increased over the past decade.

Population Trend
Increasing
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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats
There are no major threats known for this species.
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Least Concern (LC)
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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions
There are no known conservation measures for this species. However, this species distribution falls partially into a number of Marine Protected Areas in the Eastern Pacific region (WDPA 2006).
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