Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Uncommon in most areas, but may be locally common in certain places. Usually attached to gorgonians or seagrasses but may occur in floating Sargassum or swimming freely in midwater (Ref. 9710). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35409). Length type refers to Height (= from top of coronet to the tip of straightened tail).
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Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30915&speccode=13100
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Distribution
Western Atlantic: North Carolina in USA, Bermuda (Ref. 9710) and Bahamas to Santa Catarina, Brazil (Ref. 57756). International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04) and a minimum size of 10 cm applies.
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Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&speccode=942
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Western Atlantic: North Carolina in USA, Bermuda and Bahamas to Rio deJaneiro, Brazil.
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
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Gulf of Mexico, North West Atlantic
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
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Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145245
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 1619
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Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30915&speccode=13100
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Size
Max. size
17.5 cm OT (male/unsexed; (Ref. 30915))
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Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30915&speccode=13100
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Diagnostic Description
Description: (based on 39 specimens): Adult height: 9.5-17.5cm. Rings: 11+35 (31-39). Snout length: 2.2 (2.0-2.5) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 17 (16-19) covering 2+1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 16 (15-17). Coronet: low-medium, rounded, may be quite large and convoluted (like a crumpled piece of paper). Spines: none to low rounded tubercles. Other distinctive characters: broad, almost double cheek and eye spines; long, thick snout; narrow body; usually no skin appendages.Color pattern: often profusely spotted with brown, with numerous tiny white dots (especially on tail); may have paler saddles across dorsolateral surfaces.
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Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30915&speccode=13100
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Type Information
Type for Hippocampus reidi
Catalog Number: USNM 84527
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Photograph
Year Collected: 1885
Locality: Savannah To Cape Charles: Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, United States, Atlantic
Vessel: Albatross
Catalog Number: USNM 84527
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Photograph
Year Collected: 1885
Locality: Savannah To Cape Charles: Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, United States, Atlantic
Vessel: Albatross
- Type:
© Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
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Holotype for Hippocampus reidi
Catalog Number: USNM 86590
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Illustration
Collector(s): W. Donovan
Locality: St. George, Grenada, B.W.I., Windward Islands, Grenada, Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic
Catalog Number: USNM 86590
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Illustration
Collector(s): W. Donovan
Locality: St. George, Grenada, B.W.I., Windward Islands, Grenada, Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic
- Holotype: Ginsburg, I. 1933. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 23 (12): 560.
© Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
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Paratype for Hippocampus reidi
Catalog Number: USNM 223673
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Illustration
Collector(s): Donovan
Locality: St. George, Grenada, B.W.I., Windward Islands, Saint George Parish, Grenada, Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic
Catalog Number: USNM 223673
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Illustration
Collector(s): Donovan
Locality: St. George, Grenada, B.W.I., Windward Islands, Saint George Parish, Grenada, Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic
- Paratype: Ginsburg, I. 1933. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 23 (12): 560.
© Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
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Ecology
Habitat
Environment
reef-associated; non-migratory; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 55 m (Ref. 30915)
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Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30915&speccode=13100
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Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
Vari (1982) reports H. reidi at depths as great as 55 m. Small individuals tend to be found in shallower water than large animals (Dauwe 1993). It has been found on gorgonian corals, seagrass, mangroves and Sargassum (Lieske and Myers 1994). Hippocampus reidi are pair-bonded in the wild (B. Dauwe and M. Nijhoff in litt. to Lourie et al. 1999).
This species may be particularly susceptible to decline. All seahorse species have vital parental care, and many species studied to date have high site fidelity (Perante et al. 2002, Vincent et al., in review), highly structured social behaviour (Vincent and Sadler 1995), and relatively sparse distributions (Lourie et al. 1999). The importance of life history parameters in determining response to exploitation has been demonstrated for a number of species (Jennings et al. 1998).
This species may be particularly susceptible to decline. All seahorse species have vital parental care, and many species studied to date have high site fidelity (Perante et al. 2002, Vincent et al., in review), highly structured social behaviour (Vincent and Sadler 1995), and relatively sparse distributions (Lourie et al. 1999). The importance of life history parameters in determining response to exploitation has been demonstrated for a number of species (Jennings et al. 1998).
Systems
- Marine
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benthic
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
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Depth range based on 18 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 6 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.9 - 2543
Temperature range (°C): 3.048 - 27.537
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.447 - 18.047
Salinity (PPS): 33.284 - 37.091
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.613 - 6.333
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.118 - 1.196
Silicate (umol/l): 1.954 - 17.647
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.9 - 2543
Temperature range (°C): 3.048 - 27.537
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.447 - 18.047
Salinity (PPS): 33.284 - 37.091
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.613 - 6.333
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.118 - 1.196
Silicate (umol/l): 1.954 - 17.647
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 6 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.9 - 2543
Temperature range (°C): 3.048 - 27.537
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.447 - 18.047
Salinity (PPS): 33.284 - 37.091
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.613 - 6.333
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.118 - 1.196
Silicate (umol/l): 1.954 - 17.647
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.9 - 2543
Temperature range (°C): 3.048 - 27.537
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.447 - 18.047
Salinity (PPS): 33.284 - 37.091
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.613 - 6.333
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.118 - 1.196
Silicate (umol/l): 1.954 - 17.647
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 0 - 55m.
Recorded at 55 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated. Uncommon in most areas, but may be locally common in certain places. Usually attached to gorgonians or seagrasses but may occur in floating @Sargassum@ or swimming freely in midwater (Ref. 9710).
Recorded at 55 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated. Uncommon in most areas, but may be locally common in certain places. Usually attached to gorgonians or seagrasses but may occur in floating @Sargassum@ or swimming freely in midwater (Ref. 9710).
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Trophic Strategy
Also found among sponges (Ref. 52034).
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Foster, S.J. and A.C.J. Vincent 2004 Life history and ecology of seahorses: implications for conservation and management. J. Fish Biol. 65:1-61. (Ref. 52034)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52034&speccode=13100
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Breeding season more than 8 months in laboratory; egg diameter 1.2 mm; gestation period 2 weeks, depending on water temperature; young approximately 7 mm at birth; pair-bonded in wild (Ref. 30915).
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Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&speccode=1256
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Hippocampus reidi
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 2
Specimens with Barcodes: 4
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 2
Specimens with Barcodes: 4
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
DD
Data Deficient
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2003
Assessor/s
Project Seahorse
Reviewer/s
Marsden, A.D., Foster, S.J. & Vincent, A.C.J. (Syngnathid Red List Authority)
Contributor/s
Justification
There are no published data about population trends or total numbers of mature animals for this species. There is very little available information about its extent of occurrence or its area of occupancy. There have been no quantitative analyses examining the probability of extinction of this species. As a result, the assessors have insufficient data to properly assess the species against any of the IUCN criteria.
Hippocampus reidi previously was listed in 1996 as VU A2cd under the 1994 criteria. This assessment was based on suspected past declines in occupancy, occurrence and habitat, as well as on potential levels of exploitation. In reassessing the species under the new criteria and with greater taxonomic understanding we find that no appropriate data on biology and ecology, habitat, abundance or distribution are available for this species. Further research is needed. Assessed as Data Deficient under the new criteria.
Hippocampus reidi previously was listed in 1996 as VU A2cd under the 1994 criteria. This assessment was based on suspected past declines in occupancy, occurrence and habitat, as well as on potential levels of exploitation. In reassessing the species under the new criteria and with greater taxonomic understanding we find that no appropriate data on biology and ecology, habitat, abundance or distribution are available for this species. Further research is needed. Assessed as Data Deficient under the new criteria.
History
- 1996Vulnerable
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
During Project Seahorse trade surveys conducted between 2000–2001, fishers in Brazil, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua and Panama reported decreases in the catch of seahorses both in trawls (as bycatch) and by divers (J. Baum and I. Rosa, unpublished data), but the portion of these declines attributable to H. reidi is unknown.
Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats
Data deficient (DD)
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Major Threats
Hippocampus reidi are collected and traded in the Americas as aquarium fishes, folk medicine, curiosities and for religious purposes (Rosa et al. 2002). The volume of this trade is unknown, as there is confusion between this species and a similar one, H. erectus. Without appropriate management this trade might represent a threat to the species. H. reidi are also taken as bycatch in shrimp trawl fisheries in the U.S., Mexico and Central America (Rosa et al. 2002). A study of bycatch in Florida found that most seahorses in bycatch were H. erectus; this suggests that H. reidi may not be as susceptible to trawling as H. erectus, possibly because of habitat differences.
Hippocampus reidi is considered threatened in the United States by the American Fisheries Society (AFS) (Musick et al. 2000). They cite the species' rarity and degradation of its seagrass habitats in South Florida as reasons for this listing. While this status may apply on a national level, we did not find information that would justify such a listing for the species as a whole.
Hippocampus reidi is considered threatened in the United States by the American Fisheries Society (AFS) (Musick et al. 2000). They cite the species' rarity and degradation of its seagrass habitats in South Florida as reasons for this listing. While this status may apply on a national level, we did not find information that would justify such a listing for the species as a whole.
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
The entire genus Hippocampus was listed in Appendix II of CITES in November 2002. Implementation of this listing will begin May 2004. The export of syngnathids from Mexico is effectively banned. Permits or licenses are required to export dried syngnathids from Honduras and Nicaragua, and to export live syngnathids from Panama, Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala and Nicaragua. Further research on this species biology, ecology, habitat, abundance and distribution is needed.
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: minor commercial; price category: unknown; price reliability:
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Vincent, A.C.J. 1996 The international trade in seahorses. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK. 163 p. (Ref. 12238)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12238&speccode=13100
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Wikipedia
Slender seahorse
The slender seahorse or longsnout seahorse (not to be confused with the Long-snouted seahorse), (Hippocampus reidi) is a species of fish in the Syngnathidae family. [1]
Description [edit]
The slender seahorse typically grows to be approximately 6.8 inches long (17.5 centimeters). Males and females are easily distinguished due to their bright colors. Males are usually orange, while the females are yellow. However, both males an females may have brown or white spots placed sporadically upon their body. These spots may also change into a pink or white color during the courtship period. [2]
Habitat and Distribution [edit]
The slender seahorse has been found at depths of 55 meters. Smaller individuals inhabit shallower waters. The slender seahorses has an affinity for coral reefs[2] and seagrass beds and can be found on gorgonian coral, seagrass, mangroves and Sargassum. The slender seahorse is native to many countries, including the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, Panama, United States (Florida and North Carolina), and Venezuela.[3] It inhabits subtropical regions, ranging from 29 degrees north to 25 degrees south and 133 degrees west to 40 degrees east.[1]
References [edit]
- ^ a b Froese, R.; Pauly, D. (6 October 2010). "FishBase".
- ^ a b "Slender seahorse". Monterey Bay Aquarium.
- ^ Project Seahorse. 2003. Hippocampus reidi. 2012 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 3 June 2013.
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