Gasterosteus wheatlandi &amp;mdash; Details

Distribution

Eastern North America.

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Gulf of Maine, Gulf of St. Lawrence, North West Atlantic

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
Nozères C., Archambault D., Chouinard P.-M., Gauthier J., Miller R., Parent E., Schwab P., Savard L., and Dutil J.-D. 2010. Identification guide for marine fishes of the estuary and northern Gulf of St. Lawrence and sampling protocols used during trawl surveys between 2004 and 2008. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2866: xi + 243 p http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145051
Johnson CL, Runge JA, Curtis KA, Durbin EG, Hare JA, Incze LS, Link J, Melvin GD, O'Brien TD, Van Guelpen, L (in revision) Biodiversity and ecosystem function in the Gulf of Maine: pattern and role of zooplankton and pelagic nekton. PLoS One. http://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/masdea/masdea.php?p=sourcedetails&id=148111
Miller, Roberta. 2012. The museum collection database, Fisheries and Oceans Canada digital collections, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Quebec http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=163928

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Western Atlantic: Newfoundland, Canada to Massachusetts, USA.

Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&speccode=942

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Newfoundland to Massachusetts

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations

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National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

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Global Range: Atlantic coast from Newfoundland to Long Island.

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Physical Description

Size

Maximum size: 75 mm TL

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Max. size

7.6 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5951)); max. reported age: 1 years (Ref. 12193)

Hugg, D.O. 1996 MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. and Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater, Maryland, USA. (Ref. 12193) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12193&speccode=3064
Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott 1988 Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219:731 p. (Ref. 5951) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5951&speccode=26

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Length: 8 cm

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Ecology

Habitat

Environment

benthopelagic; brackish; marine

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nektonic

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Benthopelagic, coastal species found in beds of vegetation, rarely enters freshwater.

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Depth range based on 12 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0.4 - 170
  Temperature range (°C): 7.639 - 7.639
  Nitrate (umol/L): 4.654 - 4.654
  Salinity (PPS): 32.535 - 32.535
  Oxygen (ml/l): 6.751 - 6.751
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.670 - 0.670
  Silicate (umol/l): 3.862 - 3.862

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0.4 - 170

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

Public Domain

Source: Ocean Biogeographic Information System

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Habitat Type: Marine

Comments: Along coast in salt and brackish water, occasionally in fresh water. Most often in estuarine conditions over sand, mud, or rubble bottom, associated with eel grass or other vegetation. Often semipelagic, swims near floating seaweed.

Enters brackish creeks, streams, and tidal pools to spawn. Eggs are laid in a nest constructed of plant material by the male, or nests may be constructed in the absence of vegetation (Cleveland, Copeia 1994:698-704). Nest in water up to 60 cm deep at low tide.

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Migration

Non-Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species do not make significant seasonal migrations. Juvenile dispersal is not considered a migration.

Locally Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.

May migrate between spawning and nonspawning areas (Lee et al. 1980).

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Trophic Strategy

Occurs near shore in beds of vegetation, often around floating vegetation a short distance from shore. Rarely enters fresh water (Ref. 7251). Semipelagic, swimming near floating seaweed; prefers salinity of 7-14 ppt. Feeds on small invertebrates, small fishes and eggs.

Delbeek, J.C. and D.D. Williams 1988 Feeding selectivity of four species of sympatric stickleback in brackish-water habitats in eastern Canada. J. Fish Biol. 32:41-62. (Ref. 42285) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=42285&speccode=3269

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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

Males build, guard and aerate the nest where the eggs are deposited (Ref. 205).

Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&speccode=1256

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Reproduction

Spawns in late spring. Eggs and fry guarded by male. (Scott and Crossman 1973). Spawns at one year of age (Lee et al. 1980).

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Gasterosteus wheatlandi

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 6 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

ACACGATGATTCTTCTCAACTAATCACAAAGACATTGGTACCCTCTATCTAGTATTTGGTGCCTGAGCCGGAATAGTCGGAACAGCTCTA---AGCCTTCTGATTCGAGCCGAACTAAGCCAACCCGGTGCTCTACTGGGAGAC---GATCAAATCTACAACGTAATTGTTACAGCTCATGCTTTTGTAATAATCTTCTTTATAGTTATACCAATTATGATTGGAGGCTTTGGCAACTGACTTATTCCACTAATG---ATTGGGGCCCCTGATATGGCGTTTCCACGAATAAACAATATGAGCTTCTGACTACTTCCTCCCTCATTTTTATTACTCCTTGCTTCTTCAGGAGTTGAAGCTGGTGCAGGGACAGGATGAACAGTTTATCCCCCTCTATCTGGAAACCTGGCCCATGCAGGTGCCTCAGTAGACCTA---ACAATCTTTTCTCTTCATCTTGCCGGTATTTCATCAATTCTAGGGGCAATCAACTTCATTACCACAATTATTAACATGAAACCTCCCGCCATTTCTCAGTACCAAACACCTCTATTCGTATGGTCTGTACTAATTACTGCAGTCCTTCTTCTCCTCTCCCTACCAGTTCTTGCAGCT---GGAATTACCATGCTTTTAACAGACCGAAACCTAAACACCACTTTCTTTGATCCCGCAGGAGGTGGGGACCCTATTCTTTACCAACATTTATTTTGATTCTTTGGACACCCTGAGGTATACATTCTTATTCTGCCAGGTTTCGGAATAATCTCCCATATTGTTGCATACTACTCTGGGAAAAAG---GAACCTTTCGGTTATATGGGAATGGTATGAGCAATAATGGCCATTGGCCTTCTAGGTTTTATTGTCTGAGCACACCATATGTTTACGGTAGGAATGGATGTGGACACCCGAGCTTATTTCACCTCCGCCACCATGATTATTGCAATCCCAACAGGTGTTAAAGTTTTTAGCTGACTA---GCTACACTACATGGGGGC---TCAATCAAATGAGAAACACCCCTTCTTTGAGCACTTGGCTTCATCTTCCTATTTACTGTTGGGGGACTAACAGGCATTGTTCTTGCAAATTCTTCCCTTGATATCGTCCTTCATGATACTTACTACGTTGTTGCCCACTTCCACTATGTA---CTTTCCATGGGAGCCGTATTTGCTATTATTGCAGGCTTTGTGCACTGATTCCCCCTATTTTCAGGATACACCCTTCATAGCACTTGAACAAAAGTTCATTTCGGTGTTATATTTACAGGTGTAAACCTAACCTTTTTCCCTCAACATTTCTTAGGCTTGGCCGGAATACCTCGA---CGATACTCGGACTACCCAGATGCCTATACA---CTGTGAAATACAGTATCTTCAATTGGCTCCCTTGTATCACTAGTTGCAGTAATTATGTTCCTATTTATCATCTGAGAAGCATTCGCTGCTAAACGTGAAGTT---CTAGCAGTTGAAATAACAACAACGAAC
-- end --

Download FASTA File

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Gasterosteus wheatlandi

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 7
Specimens with Barcodes: 13
Species With Barcodes: 1

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Conservation

Conservation Status

National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

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NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

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Threats

Not Evaluated

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

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Wikipedia

Blackspotted stickleback

Blackspotted stickleback (Gasterosteus wheatlandi) is a fish species, found in the western Atlantic from the coasts of Newfoundland (Canada) to Massachusetts (USA). Brackishwater / marine benthic fish, up to 7.5 cm length.

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Names and Taxonomy

Taxonomy

Comments: See McLennan (1993) for a phylogenetic analysis of the Gasterosteidae based on behavioral characters.

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