The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1. IUCN Red List (May, 2009) http://www.iucnredlist.org
• 1989. Manta Rays. Pp. 582-583 in Wildlife of the World Encyclopedia, vol. 10 (Rav-Slo). New York: Cavendish Publishing.
• 2. Reef Quest Centre for Shark Research (September, 2003) http://www.elasmo-research.org/index.html
• 3. Florida Museum of Natural History (September, 2003) http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/MantaRay/MantaRay.html
• Acero, A. and Franke, R. 1995. Nuevos registros de peces cartilaginosos del Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona (Pacifico Colombiano), II. Rayas y Descripcion de una Nueva Especie , Source: Bibl. J. J. Triana, Vol. 11, Page: 9-21
• Acero, A. and Franke, R. 2001. Peces del parque nacional natural Gorgona. En: Barrios, L. M. y M. Lopéz-Victoria (Eds.). Gorgona marina: Contribución al conocimiento de una isla única. , Vol. 0, Page: 123-131
• Acker (MRBH), B. 2001. "Manta facts" (On-line). Manta Ray Bay Hotel and Yap Divers. Accessed 11/01/04 at http://www.mantaray.com.
• Allen, G.R. and Robertson, D.R. 1994. Fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific , Vol. 0, Page: 1-332
• Allen, G.R.0 Reef fishes of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. In T. Werner and G. Allen (eds). A rapid biodiversity assessment of the coral reefs of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. RAP Working Papers 11, Conservation International, Washington, D.C.
• Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
• Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp.
• Bailly, N. (2012). Manta birostris. In: Nicolas Bailly (2012). FishBase. Accessed through: Nicolas Bailly (2012). FishBase at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=105857 on 2012-05-23
• Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder,W.C.,1953 ; Michael, S.W., 1993 ; Compagno, L.J.V., 1997 ; Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale, 1989 ; Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 ; Homma, K., T. Maruyama, T. Itoh, H. Ishihara and S. Uchida, 1999.
• Borges, P.A.V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Gonçalves, V., Martins, A.F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R.S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.) (2010). A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Princípia, Oeiras, 432 pp.
• Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)
• Bussing, W. A. and Lopez, M. I. 2005. Fishes of Cocos Island and reef fishes of the pacific coast of lower Central America. Publicacion especial. , Source: Revista de Biologia Tropical, Vol. 53, Page: 1-192
• Béarez, P. 1996. Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental , Source: Revista de Biologia Tropical, Vol. 44, Page: 731-741
• Castro-Aguirre, J. L. and Balart, E. F. 2002. La ictiofauna de las islas Revillagigedos y sus relaciones zoogeograficas, con comentarios acerca de su origen y evolucion. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas. , Vol. 0, Page: 153-170
• Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer 1979 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077)
• Claro, R. and L.R. Parenti0 The marine ichthyofauna of Cuba. p. 21-57. In Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman and L.R. Parenti (eds) Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press, Wahsington and London. 253p.
• Claro, Rodolfo, Kenyon C. Lindeman, and Lynne R. Parenti. 2001. Ecology of the Marine Fishes of Cuba. 253
• Colla (oceanlight), P., R. Martin. 1998. "Giant Pacific Manta Ray Photos/On the Biology of the Manta Ray" (On-line). Phillip Colla Photography. Accessed 11/01/04 at http://www.oceanlight.com/html/manta_birostris.html.
• Compagno, L.J.V. 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. , Vol. 0, Page: 471-498
• Compagno, L.J.V., P.R. Last, J.D. Stevens and M.N.R. Alava0 Checklist of Philippine Chondrichthyes. CSIRO Marine Laboratories, Rept. 243. 101 pp.
• Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. John Hopkins University Press, Maryland.
• Dive Asia, 2004. "Dive Asia Reef Ecology Guide- Cartilaginous Fishes" (On-line). Dive Asia, Diving in Phuket, Thailand and Burma. Accessed 11/01/04 at http://www.diveasia.com/reef-guide/cartilaginous.htm.
• Eschmeyer, W. N., Herald, E. S. and Hamman, H. 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28. , Vol. 0, Page: 336pp
• Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, no. 1, vol 1-3. 2905
• Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
• Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E, Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A. and Torre, J. 2003. Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico. CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional. , Vol. 0, Page: 0
• Fischer, W., Krup, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E. and Niem, V. H. 1995. Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1. , Vol. 2, Page: 647-1200
• FishBase, 1999. "Manta birostris" (On-line). FishBase.org. Accessed March 7, 2000 at http://www.fishbase.org/Seach.cfm.
• Florida Museum of Natural History 2005 Biological profiles: manta. Retrieved on 26 August 2005, from www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/MantRay/MantaRay.html. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History: Education-Biological Profiles. FLMNH, University of Florida. (Ref. 55255)
• Foy, Sally; Oxford Scientific Films. 1982. The Grand Design: Form and Colour in Animals. Lingfield, Surrey, U.K.: BLA Publishing Limited for J.M.Dent & Sons Ltd, Aldine House, London. 238 p.
• Fricke, R.0 Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31:759 p.
• Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A. and Rodríguez-Romero, J. 2000. The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series , Vol. 0, Page: 383-398
• Gotshall, D. W. 1996. Fishes of Rocas Alijos. In Rocas Alijos. Ed. R. W. Schmieder. Cornell Expeditions. , Vol. 0, Page: 347-354
• Grove, J.S. and Lavenberg, R. J. 1997. The fishes of the Galápagos islands. , Vol. 0, Page: 863pp
• Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg 1960 Ecological relationships of the fish fauna on coral reefs of the Marshall Islands. Ecol. Monogr. 30(1):65-127. (Ref. 275)
• Homma, K., T. Maruyama, T. Itoh, H. Ishihara and S. Uchida 1999 Biology of the manta ray Manta birostris Walbaum, in the Indo-Pacific. p. 209-216. In B. Séret and J.-Y. Sire (eds.) Proceedings of the . 5th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference, Nouméa, 1997. Soc. Fr. Ichthyol., Paris. (Ref. 31742)
• IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
• Jimenez-Prado, P. and Béarez, P. 2004. Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador , Vol. tomo 1 y 2, Page: 0
• Jordan, D.S. 1895. The fishes of Sinaloa. , Source: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2), Vol. 5, Page: 377-514
• Jordan, D.S. and Evermann, B.W. 1896. The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part I. , Source: Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 47, Page: 1-1240
• Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)
• Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens0 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p.
• Last, P.R. and Stevens, J.D. 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. , Vol. 0, Page: 464 pp
• Lopez, M. I. and Bussing, W. A. 1982. Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica. , Source: Revista de Biologia Tropical, Vol. 30, issue 1, Page: 5-26
• Louisy, P.0 Guide d'identification des poissons marins. Europe et Méditerranée. Paris: Eds. Eugène Ulmer.
• Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A. and Thorsteinson, L.K. 2005. Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border. , Vol. 0, Page: 288
• Maigret, J. and B. Ly 1986 Les poissons de mer de Mauritanie. Science Nat., Compiègne. 213 p. (Ref. 5377)
• Marshall, A.D., L.J.V. Compagno and M.B. Bennett 2009 Redescription of the genus Manta with resurrection of Manta alfredi (Krefft, 1868) (Chondrichthyes; Myliobatoidei; Mobulidae). Zootaxa 2301:1-28. (Ref. 82755)
• McEachran, John D. / Collette, Bruce B., and Grace Klein-MacPhee, eds. 2002. Mantas and Devil Rays: Family Mobulidae. Bigelow and Schroeder's Fishes of the Gulf of Maine, Third Edition. 80-81
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