Squalus cubensis — Details

Puppyshark Dogfish learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

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Inhabits continental shelves and uppermost slopes. Found in 60 to 380 m deep (Ref. 26938). Found on or near the bottom in large, dense schools. Probably feeds on bottom fishes and invertebrates. Ovoviviparous, with about 10 young per litter. A huge parasite (isopod) lives in its buccal cavity. Seldom used for food, but taken in commercial catches for its liver which yields oil and vitamins. Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 55584.

Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 247) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=247&speccode=88

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Distribution

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Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida (USA), Gulf of Mexico, Cuba, Hispaniola; southern Brazil and Argentina.

Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 247) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=247&speccode=88

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Range Description

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Schools probably present below 100 m in the Portobelo area (Panama, Caribbean Coast, Colon Province) and in the San. Andres archipelago area.

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Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Cuba, Hispanola; southern Brazil and Argentina

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Gulf of Mexico, North West Atlantic

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145245

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National Distribution

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United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

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Western Atlantic.

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Physical Description

Size

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Maximum size: 1100 mm TL

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Max. size

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110 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 247))

Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 247) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=247&speccode=88

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Diagnostic Description

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A slim, gray shark with tips of dorsal fins black and edges of pectoral, pelvic and caudal fins white; two dorsal fins each with strong, ungrooved spine at front edge (Ref. 26938).

Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&speccode=4257

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Ecology

Habitat

Environment

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demersal; marine; depth range 60 - 400 m (Ref. 247)

Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 247) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=247&speccode=88

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Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology

This warm-temperate and tropical shark inhabits continental shelves and uppermost slopes. Found on or near the bottom in large, dense schools at depths between 60 and 380 m, never found in surface waters. Probably feeds on bottom fishes and invertebrates Ovoviviparous, with about 10 young per litter (Compagno 1984). Nothing else is known of its biology or life history.

Systems

Marine

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benthic

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Depth range based on 61 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 29 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 16 - 585
  Temperature range (°C): 8.084 - 19.753
  Nitrate (umol/L): 3.423 - 30.656
  Salinity (PPS): 32.324 - 36.588
  Oxygen (ml/l): 2.604 - 6.121
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.427 - 1.929
  Silicate (umol/l): 2.258 - 18.759

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 16 - 585

Temperature range (°C): 8.084 - 19.753

Nitrate (umol/L): 3.423 - 30.656

Salinity (PPS): 32.324 - 36.588

Oxygen (ml/l): 2.604 - 6.121

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.427 - 1.929

Silicate (umol/l): 2.258 - 18.759

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

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Habitat Type: Marine

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Depth: 60 - 380m.
From 60 to 380 meters.

Habitat: demersal. Found on the continental shelf and uppermost slopes in large dense schools. Probably feeds on bottom fishes and invertebrates. Ovoviviparous, with about 10 young per litter. A huge parasite (isopod) lives in its buccal cavity. Seldom used for food, but taken in commercial catches for its liver which yields oil and vitamins.

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Migration

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Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.

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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

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Ovoviviparous, with about 10 young per litter.

Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 247) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=247&speccode=88

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Squalus cubensis

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The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 2 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

ACCCTTTATTTAATCTTTGGTGCATGAGCAGGAATAGTAGGTACCGCCCTT---AGCTTACTTATTCGAGCAGAATTAAGCCAGCCTGGAACACTTCTGGGAGAT---GATCAAATCTATAATGTTATCGTAACTGCTCACGCTTTTGTAATAATCTTTTTCATAGTCATGCCTGTAATAATCGGTGGATTCGGAAACTGATTAGTACCTTTAATA---ATCGGTGCACCAGACATAGCTTTTCCACGGATAAATAATATAAGCTTTTGATTGTTGCCCCCGTCCCTCCTGTTACTCTTAGCCTCTGCTGGTGTAGAAGCAGGAGCCGGAACCGGCTGAACAGTCTACCCCCCGCTAGCAGGTAATATAGCCCATGCTGGCGCATCCGTAGACCTG---GCCATCTTCTCACTCCATTTGGCTGGTATTTCCTCAATTTTAGCCTCTATTAATTTTATCACAACTATTATTAACATAAAACCTCCTGCCATCTCTCAGTATCAAACACCACTCTTTGTTTGATCTATCCTTGTAACCACCGTTCTTCTTCTTCTTTCCCTCCCTGTCCTCGCAGCC---GCAATTACGATACTATTAACTGACCGTAATTTAAACACAACATTTTTTGATCCTGCTGGGGGAGGAGACCCAATTCTCTACCAACACTTA------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TTT
-- end --

Download FASTA File

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Squalus cubensis

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 2
Specimens with Barcodes: 104
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category

DD

Data Deficient

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2006

Assessor/s

Monzini, J.

Reviewer/s

Heupel, M. & Simpfendorfer, C. (Shark Red List Authority)

Justification

This warm-temperate and tropical dogfish of the continental shelf and uppermost slopes, schools on or near the bottom at depths of 60 to 380 m. Ranges from the east coast of the USA, parts of the Caribbean, to southern Brazil and Argentina. Reaches a maximum size of 110 cm total length and produces about 10 young per litter. Separate catch statistics are not reported for this species and nothing is known of its population. The little information available just refers to Squalus cubensis as by-catch of artisanal and commercial fisheries in the Caribbean. Mainly caught in the northern gulf of Mexico, although details are lacking and this species cannot be assessed beyond Data Deficient at this time. Where taken, catches require monitoring, particularly as deepwater fisheries expand worldwide.

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National NatureServe Conservation Status

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United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

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NatureServe Conservation Status

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Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked

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Trends

Population

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Population

Separate catch statistics are not reported for this species and therefore nothing is known of the population.

Population Trend

Unknown

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Threats

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Data deficient (DD)

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

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Major Threats

Mainly caught in the northern Gulf of Mexico (FAO 2002, Rodriguez 1996 ) although separate statistics are not reported for this species. Taken as by-catch in the San Andres Archipelago industrial fishery (Caldas 2002) and Panamanian artisanal fishery (Monzini 2004). Possible threat from a potential increase of deep sea fishery.

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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions

Like many deeper water species more information on biology, ecology and importance in fisheries are required to further assess status and any future conservation needs. Where taken, catches require monitoring, particularly as deepwater fisheries expand worldwide.

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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus

Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=171&speccode=2534

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Wikipedia

Cuban dogfish

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The Cuban dogfish (Squalus cubensis) is a dogfish, a member of the family Squalidae in the order Squaliformes. It is found in the Western Atlantic from North Carolina to Florida, in the Gulf of Mexico, around Cuba, Hispaniola, southern Brazil and Argentina. It inhabits continental shelves and uppermost slopes at depths from 60 to 380 m. Its length is up to 110 cm.

It is a slim, gray shark with black tips to its dorsal fins black and at the edges of its pectoral fins, its pelvic and caudal fins are white; It possess a spine at front edge of each of its two dorsal fans.

It probably feeds on bottom fishes and invertebrates. The isopod parasites which commonly infest the mouth and gills of marine fish are unusually large in the Cuban dogfish. Its reproduction is ovoviviparous, with 10 pups in a litter.

It is not generally utilized for food, but taken commercially for the oil and vitamins extracted from its liver.

See also

List of sharks

References

Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Squalus cubensis" in FishBase. Sept 2006 version.

Extant shark species

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Chondrichthyes
Subclass Elasmobranchii

Order Hexanchiformes

Chlamydoselachidae

Chlamydoselachus	Frilled shark (C. anguineus) Southern African frilled shark (C. africana)

Hexanchidae
(Cow sharks)

Heptranchias	Sharpnose sevengill shark (H. perlo)

Hexanchus	Bluntnose sixgill shark (H. griseus) Bigeyed sixgill shark (H. nakamurai)

Notorynchus	Broadnose sevengill shark (N. cepedianus)

Order Squaliformes

Centrophoridae
(Gulper sharks)

Centrophorus	Needle dogfish (C. acus) Dwarf gulper shark (C. atromarginatus) Gulper shark (C. granulosus) Dumb gulper shark (C. harrissoni) Blackfin gulper shark (C. isodon) Lowfin gulper shark (C. lusitanicus) Smallfin gulper shark (C. moluccensis) Taiwan gulper shark (C. niaukang) Leafscale gulper shark (C. squamosus) Mosaic gulper shark (C. tessellatus) Little gulper shark (C. uyato)

Deania	Birdbeak dogfish (D. calcea) Rough longnose dogfish (D. hystricosa) Arrowhead dogfish (D. profundorum) Longsnout dogfish (D. quadrispinosum)

Euprotomicroides	Taillight shark (E. zantedeschia)

Heteroscymnoides	Longnose pygmy shark (H. marleyi)

Mollisquama	Pocket shark (M. parini)

Dalatias	Kitefin shark (D. licha)

Isistius	Cookiecutter shark (I. brasiliensis) South China cookiecutter shark (I. labialis) Largetooth cookiecutter shark (I. plutodus)

Euprotomicrus	Pygmy shark (E. bispinatus)

Squaliolus	Smalleye pygmy shark (S. aliae) Spined pygmy shark (S. laticaudus)

Echinorhinus	Bramble shark (E. brucus) Prickly shark (E. cookei)

Aculeola	Hooktooth dogfish (A. nigra)

Centroscyllium	Highfin dogfish (C. excelsum) Black dogfish (C. fabricii) Granular dogfish (C. granulatum) Bareskin dogfish (C. kamoharai) Combtooth dogfish (C. nigrum) Ornate dogfish (C. ornatum) Whitefin dogfish (C. ritteri)

Etmopterus (Lantern sharks)	New Zealand lanternshark (E. baxteri) Blurred lanternshark (E. bigelowi) Shorttail lanternshark (E. brachyurus) Lined lanternshark (E. bullisi) E. burgessi Cylindrical lanternshark (E. carteri) Tailspot lanternshark (E. caudistigmus) Combtooth lanternshark (E. decacuspidatus) Pink lanternshark (E. dianthus) E. dislineatus Blackmouth lanternshark (E. evansi) Pygmy lanternshark (E. fusus) Broadbanded lanternshark (E. gracilispinis) Southern lanternshark (E. granulosus) Caribbean lanternshark (E. hillianus) Smalleye lantern shark (E. litvinovi) Blackbelly lanternshark (E. lucifer) Slendertail lanternshark (E. molleri) Dwarf lanternshark (E. perryi) African lanternshark (E. polli) Great lanternshark (E. princeps) False lanternshark (E. pseudosqualiolus) Smooth lanternshark (E. pusillus) Dense-scale lantern shark (E. pycnolepis) West Indian lanternshark (E. robinsi) Fringefin lanternshark (E. schultzi) Thorny lanternshark (E. sentosus) Velvet belly lantern shark (E. spinax) Splendid lanternshark (E. splendidus) Tasmanian lanternshark (E. tasmaniensis) Brown lanternshark (E. unicolor) Hawaiian lanternshark (E. villosus) Green lanternshark (E. virens)

Miroscyllium	Rasptooth dogfish (M. sheikoi)

Trigonognathus	Viper dogfish (T. kabeyai)

Oxynotidae
(Rough sharks)

Oxynotus	Prickly dogfish (O. bruniensis) Caribbean roughshark (O. caribbaeus) Angular roughshark (O. centrina) Japanese roughshark (O. japonicus) Sailfin roughshark (O. paradoxus)

Somniosidae
(Sleeper sharks)

Centroscymnus	Portuguese dogfish (C. coelolepis) Shortnose velvet dogfish (C. cryptacanthus) Roughskin dogfish (C. owstoni)

Centroselachus	Longnose velvet dogfish (C. crepidater)

Proscymnodon	Largespine velvet dogfish (P. macracanthus) Plunket shark (P. plunketi)

Scymnodalatias	Whitetail dogfish (S. albicauda) Azores dogfish (S. garricki) Sparsetooth dogfish (S. oligodon) Sherwood dogfish (S. sherwoodi)

Scymnodon	Smallmouth velvet dogfish (S. obscurus) Knifetooth dogfish (S. ringens)

Somniosus	Southern sleeper shark (S. antarcticus) Frog shark (S. longus ) Greenland shark (S. microcephalus) Pacific sleeper shark (S. pacificus) Little sleeper shark (S. rostratus)

Zameus	Japanese velvet dogfish (Z. ichiharai) Velvet dogfish (Z. squamulosus)

Squalidae
(Dogfish sharks)

Cirrhigaleus	Roughskin spurdog (C. asper) Mandarin dogfish (C. barbifer)

Squalus (Spurdogs)	Spiny dogfish (S. acanthias) Eastern highfin spurdog (S. albifrons) S. acutirostris Western highfin spurdog (S. altipinnis) Longnose spurdog (S. blainville) Fatspine spurdog (S. crassispinus) *Cuban dogfish (S. cubensis)* Eastern longnose spurdog (S. grahami) Japanese spurdog (S. japonicus) Shortnose spurdog (S. megalops) Blacktailed spurdog (S. melanurus) Shortspine spurdog (S. mitsukurii) Bartail spurdog (S. notocaudatus) Western longnose spurdog (S. nasutus) Cyrano spurdog (S. rancureli) Squalus suckleyi

Order Pristiophoriformes (Sawsharks)

Pristiophoridae

Pliotrema	Sixgill sawshark (P. warreni)

Pristiophorus	Longnose sawshark (P. cirratus) Tropical sawshark (P. delicatus) Japanese sawshark (P. japonicus) Shortnose sawshark (P. nudipinnis) Bahamas sawshark (P. schroederi) Eastern Australian sawshark (Pristiophorus peroniensis) Philippine sawshark (Pristiophorus sp. C) Dwarf sawshark (Pristiophorus sp. D)

Order Squatiniformes (Angel sharks)

Squatina

Order Heterodontiformes (Bullhead sharks)

Heterodontus	Horn shark (H. francisci) Crested bullhead shark (H. galeatus) Japanese bullhead shark (H. japonicus) Mexican hornshark (H. mexicanus) Oman bullhead shark (H. omanensis) Port Jackson shark (H. portusjacksoni) Galapagos bullhead shark (H. quoyi) Whitespotted bullhead shark (H. ramalheira) Zebra bullhead shark (H. zebra)

Order Orectolobiformes (Carpet sharks)

Brachaelurus	Blind shark (B. waddi)

Heteroscyllium	Bluegrey carpetshark (H. colcloughi)

Ginglymostomatidae
(Nurse sharks)

Ginglymostoma	Nurse shark (G. cirratum)

Nebrius	Tawny nurse shark (N. ferrugineus)

Pseudoginglymostoma	Short-tail nurse shark (P. brevicaudatum)

Hemiscylliidae
(Bamboo sharks)

Chiloscyllium	Arabian carpetshark (C. arabicum) Burmese bamboo shark (C. burmensis) Bluespotted bamboo shark (C. caerulopunctatum) Grey bamboo shark (C. griseum) Hasselt's bamboo shark (C. hasseltii) Slender bamboo shark (C. indicum) Whitespotted bamboo shark (C. plagiosum) Brownbanded bamboo shark (C. punctatum)

Hemiscyllium	Indonesian speckled carpetshark (H. freycineti) H. galei Papuan epaulette shark (H. hallstromi) H. henryi Epaulette shark (H. ocellatum) Hooded carpetshark (H. strahani) Speckled carpetshark (H. trispeculare)

Orectolobidae
(Wobbegongs)

Eucrossorhinus	Tasselled wobbegong (E. dasypogon)

Orectolobus	Floral banded wobbegong (O. floridus) Banded wobbegong (O. halei) Western wobbegong (O. hutchinsi) Japanese wobbegong (O. japonicus) Spotted wobbegong (O. maculatus) Ornate wobbegong (O. ornatus) Dwarf spotted wobbegong (O. parvimaculatus) Network wobbegong (O. reticulatus) Northern wobbegong (O. wardi)

Sutorectus	Cobbler wobbegong (S. tentaculatus)

Parascylliidae
(Collared carpet sharks)

Cirrhoscyllium	Barbelthroat carpetshark (C. expolitum) Taiwan saddled carpetshark (C. formosanum) Saddle carpetshark (C. japonicum)

Parascyllium	Collared carpetshark (P. collare) Rusty carpetshark (P. ferrugineum) Ginger carpetshark (P. sparsimaculatum) Necklace carpetshark (P. variolatum)

Rhincodon	Whale shark (R. typus)

Stegostomatidae

Stegostoma	Zebra shark (S. fasciatum)

Order Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)

Hemigaleidae
(Weasel sharks)

Hemipristis	Snaggletooth shark (H. elongata)

Chaenogaleus	Hooktooth shark (C. macrostoma)

Hemigaleus	Australian weasel shark (H. australiensis) Sicklefin weasel shark (H. microstoma)

Paragaleus	Whitetip weasel shark (P. leucolomatus) Atlantic weasel shark (P. pectoralis) Slender weasel shark (P. randalli) Straight-tooth weasel shark (P. tengi)

Leptocharias	Barbeled houndshark (L. smithii)

Proscylliidae
(Finback sharks)

Ctenacis	Harlequin catshark (C. fehlmanni)

Eridacnis	Cuban ribbontail catshark (E. barbouri) Pygmy ribbontail catshark (E. radcliffei) African ribbontail catshark (E. sinuans)

Proscyllium	Graceful catshark (P. habereri) P. venustum

Pseudotriakidae

Gollum	Slender smooth-hound (G. attenuatus)

Pseudotriakis	False catshark (P. microdon)

Sphyrnidae
(Hammerhead sharks)

Eusphyra	Winghead shark (E. blochii)

Sphyrna	Scalloped bonnethead (S. corona) Whitefin hammerhead (S. couardi) Scalloped hammerhead (S. lewini) Scoophead (S. media) Great hammerhead (S. mokarran) Bonnethead (S. tiburo) Smalleye hammerhead (S. tudes) Smooth hammerhead (S. zygaena)

Triakidae
(Houndsharks)

Furgaleus	Whiskery shark (F. macki)

Galeorhinus	School shark (G. galeus)

Gogolia	Sailback houndshark (G. filewoodi)

Hemitriakis	Deepwater sicklefin hound shark (H. abdita) Sicklefin hound shark (H. falcata) Japanese topeshark (H. japanica) Whitefin topeshark (H. leucoperiptera) Ocelate topeshark (Hemitriakis Sp.A)

Hypogaleus	Blacktip tope (H. hyugaensis)

Iago	Longnose houndshark (I. garricki) Bigeye houndshark (I. omanensis) Lowfin houndshark (Iago Sp.A)

Mustelus (Smooth-hounds)	M. albipinnis Gummy shark (M. antarcticus) Starry smooth-hound (M. asterias) Grey smooth-hound (M. californicus) Dusky smooth-hound (M. canis) Sharptooth smooth-hound (M. dorsalis) Striped smooth-hound (M. fasciatus) Spotless smooth-hound (M. griseus) Brown smooth-hound (M. henlei) Smalleye smooth-hound (M. higmani) Spotted estuary smooth-hound (M. lenticulatus) Sicklefin smooth-hound (M. lunulatus) Starspotted smooth-hound (M. manazo) Speckled smooth-hound (M. mento) M. minicanis Arabian smooth-hound (M. mosis) Common smooth-hound (M. mustelus) Narrowfin smooth-hound (M. norrisi) Whitespotted smooth-hound (M. palumbes) Blackspotted smooth-hound (M. punctulatus) M. ravidus Narrownose smooth-hound (M. schmitti) Gulf smoothhound (M. sinusmexicanus) Humpback smooth-hound (M. whitneyi) M. widodoi

Scylliogaleus	Flapnose houndshark (S. quecketti)

Triakis	Sharpfin houndshark (T. acutipinna) Spotted houndshark (T. maculata) Sharptooth houndshark (T. megalopterus) Banded houndshark (T. scyllium) Leopard shark (T. semifasciata)

Large family listed below

Large family listed below

Family Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)

Carcharhinus	Blacknose shark (C. acronotus) Silvertip shark (C. albimarginatus) Bignose shark (C. altimus) Graceful shark (C. amblyrhynchoides) Grey reef shark (C. amblyrhynchos) Pigeye shark (C. amboinensis) Borneo shark (C. borneensis) Copper shark (C. brachyurus) Spinner shark (C. brevipinna) Nervous shark (C. cautus) Whitecheek shark (C. dussumieri) Silky shark (C. falciformis) Creek whaler (C. fitzroyensis) Galapagos shark (C. galapagenisis) Pondicherry shark (C. hemiodon) Finetooth shark (C. isodon) Smoothtooth blacktip shark (C. leiodon) Bull shark (C. leucas) Blacktip shark (C. limbatus) Oceanic whitetip shark (C. longimanus) Hardnose shark (C. macloti) Blacktip reef shark (C. melanopterus) Dusky shark (C. obscurus) Caribbean reef shark (C. perezii) Sandbar shark (C. plumbeus) Smalltail shark (C. porosus) Blackspot shark (C. sealei) Night shark (C. signatus) Spottail shark (C. sorrah) Australian blacktip shark (C. tilstoni)

Galeocerdo	Tiger shark (G. cuvier)

Glyphis (River sharks)	Ganges shark (G. gangeticus) Northern river shark (G. garricki) Speartooth shark (G. glyphis) Irrawaddy river shark (G. siamensis) Borneo river shark (Glyphis sp. B)

Isogomphodon	Daggernose shark (I. oxyrhynchus)

Lamiopsis	Broadfin shark (L. temminckii)

Loxodon	Sliteye shark (L. macrorhinus)

Nasolamia	Whitenose shark (N. velox)

Negaprion	Sicklefin lemon shark (N. acutidens) Lemon shark (N. brevirostris)

Prionace	Blue shark (P. glauca)

Rhizoprionodon	Milk shark (R. acutus) Brazilian sharpnose shark (R. lalandii) Pacific sharpnose shark (R. longurio) Grey sharpnose shark (R. oligolinx) Caribbean sharpnose shark (R. porosus) Australian sharpnose shark (R. taylori) Atlantic sharpnose shark (R. terraenovae)

Scoliodon	Spadenose shark (S. laticaudus)

Triaenodon	Whitetip reef shark (T. obesus)

Family Scyliorhinidae (Catsharks)

Apristurus	Flatnose cat shark (A. acanutus) A. albisoma A. aphyodes Atlantic ghost catshark (A. atlanticus) Brown catshark (A. brunneus) Hoary catshark (A. canutus) Flaccid catshark (A. exsanguis) A. fedorovi Humpback cat shark (A. gibbosus) Longfin catshark (A. herklotsi) Smallbelly catshark (A. indicus) A. internatus Broadnose catshark (A. investigatoris) Japanese catshark (A. japonicus) Longnose catshark (A. kampae) Iceland catshark (A. laurussonii) Longhead catshark (A. longicephalus) Flathead catshark (A. macrorhynchus) Broadmouth cat shark (A. macrostomus) Ghost catshark (A. manis) Black roughscale catshark (A. melanoasper) Smalleye catshark (A. microps) Smalldorsal cat shark (A. micropterygeus) Largenose catshark (A. nasutus) Smallfin catshark (A. parvipinnis) A. pinguis Spatulasnout catshark (A. platyrhynchus) Deepwater catshark (A. profundorum) Broadgill catshark (A. riveri) Saldanha catshark (A. saldanha) Pale catshark (A. sibogae) South China catshark (A. sinensis) Spongehead catshark (A. spongiceps) Panama ghost catshark (A. stenseni)

Asymbolus	Australian spotted catshark (A. analis) A. funebris Western spotted catshark (A. occiduus) Pale spotted catshark (A. pallidus) A. parvus A. rubiginosus Variegated catshark (A. submaculatus) Gulf catshark (A. vincenti)

Atelomycterus	A. baliensis Banded sand catshark (A. fasciatus) Australian marbled catshark (A. macleayi) Coral catshark (A. marmoratus)

Aulohalaelurus	New Caledonia catshark (A. kanakorum) Australian blackspotted catshark (A. labiosus)

Cephaloscyllium	Whitefin swellshark (C. albipinnum) Circle-blotch pygmy swellshark (C. circulopullum) Cook's swellshark (C. cooki) Reticulated swellshark (C. fasciatum) Australian reticulate swellshark (C. hicosellum) Draughtsboard shark (C. isabellum) Australian swellshark (C. laticeps) Spotted swellshark (C. maculatum) Leopard-spotted swellshark (C. pardelotum) Painted swellshark (C. pictum) Sarawak pygmy swellshark (C. sarawakensis) Flagtail swellshark (C. signourum) Indian swellshark (C. silasi) Speckled swellshark (C. speccum) Balloon shark (C. sufflans) Blotchy swellshark (C. umbratile) Saddled swellshark (C. variegatum) Swellshark (C. ventriosum) Narrowbar swellshark (C. zebrum)

Cephalurus	Lollipop catshark (C. cephalus)

Figaro	Australian sawtail catshark (F. boardmani) Northern sawtail catshark (F. striatus)

Galeus	Antilles catshark (G. antillensis) Roughtail catshark (G. arae) Atlantic sawtail cat shark (G. atlanticus) Longfin sawtail cat shark (G. cadenati) Gecko catshark (G. eastmani) Slender sawtail catshark (G. gracilis) Longnose sawtail cat shark (G. longirostris) Blackmouth catshark (G. melastomus) Southern sawtail catshark (G. mincaronei) Mouse catshark (G. murinus) Broadfin sawtail catshark (G. nipponensis) Peppered catshark (G. piperatus) African sawtail catshark (G. polli) G. priapus Blacktip sawtail catshark (G. sauteri) Dwarf sawtail catshark (G. schultzi) Springer's sawtail cat shark (G. springeri)

Halaelurus	Arabian catshark (H. alcockii) Speckled catshark (H. boesemani) Blackspotted catshark (H. buergeri) Dusky catshark (H. canescens) Broadhead cat shark (H. clevai) New Zealand catshark (H. dawsoni) Bristly catshark (H. hispidus) Spotless catshark (H. immaculatus) Lined catshark (H. lineatus) Mud catshark (H. lutarius) Tiger catshark (H. natalensis) Quagga catshark (H. quagga)

Haploblepharus	Puffadder shyshark (H. edwardsii) Brown shyshark (H. fuscus) Natal shyshark (H. kistnasamyi) Dark shyshark (H. pictus)

Holohalaelurus	H. favus H. grennian Crying izak (H. melanostigma) African spotted catshark (H. punctatus) Izak catshark (H. regani)

Parmaturus	White-tip catshark (P. albimarginatus) White-clasper catshark (P. albipenis) Beige catshark (P. bigus) Campeche catshark (P. campechiensis) Velvet catshark (P. lanatus) McMillan's catshark (P. macmillani) Blackgill catshark (P. melanobranchus) Salamander shark (P. pilosus) Filetail catshark (P. xaniurus) Shorttail catshark (Parmaturus sp. A)

Pentanchus	Onefin catshark (P. profundicolus)

Poroderma	Pyjama catshark (P. africanum) Leopard catshark (P. pantherinum)

Schroederichthys	Narrowmouthed catshark (S. bivius) Redspotted catshark (S. chilensis) Narrowtail catshark (S. maculatus) Lizard catshark (S. saurisqualus) Slender catshark (S. tenuis)

Scyliorhinus	Polkadot catshark (S. besnardi) Boa catshark (S. boa) Small-spotted catshark (S. canicula) Yellowspotted catshark (S. capensis) West African catshark (S. cervigoni) Comoro cat shark (S. comoroensis) Brownspotted catshark (S. garmani) Freckled catshark (S. haeckelii) Whitesaddled catshark (S. hesperius) Blotched catshark (S. meadi) Chain catshark (S. retifer) Nursehound (S. stellaris) Izu cat shark (S. tokubee) Cloudy catshark (S. torazame) Dwarf catshark (S. torrei)

Order Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks)

Alopias (Thresher sharks)	Pelagic thresher (A. pelagicus) Bigeye thresher (A. superciliosus) Common thresher (A. vulpinus)

Cetorhinus	Basking shark (C. maximus)

Carcharodon	Great white shark (C. carcharias)

Isurus	Shortfin mako shark (I. oxyrinchus) Longfin mako shark (I. paucus)

Lamna	Salmon shark (L. ditropis) Porbeagle (L. nasus)

Megachasma	Megamouth shark (M. pelagios)

Mitsukurina	Goblin shark (M. owstoni)

Carcharias	Grey nurse shark (C. taurus) Indian sand tiger (C. tricuspidatus)

Odontaspis	Smalltooth sand tiger (O. ferox) Bigeye sand tiger (O. noronhai)

Pseudocarchariidae

Pseudocarcharias	Crocodile shark (P. kamoharai)

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