Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
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Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 247)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=247&speccode=88
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Distribution
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Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6871&speccode=5891
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Range Description
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Physical Description
Size
Max. size
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White, W.T., D.A. Ebert and L.J.V. Compagno 2008 Description of two new species of gulper sharks, genus Centrophorus (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Centrophoridae) from Australia. In Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Pogonoski, J.J. (eds.): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper no. 22. (Ref. 76933)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=76933&speccode=649
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Diagnostic Description
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White, W.T., D.A. Ebert and L.J.V. Compagno 2008 Description of two new species of gulper sharks, genus Centrophorus (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Centrophoridae) from Australia. In Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Pogonoski, J.J. (eds.): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper no. 22. (Ref. 76933)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=76933&speccode=649
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Ecology
Habitat
Environment
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Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6871&speccode=5891
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Habitat and Ecology
Systems
- Marine
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Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 32 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 428 - 818.5
Temperature range (°C): 5.652 - 11.407
Nitrate (umol/L): 11.503 - 36.119
Salinity (PPS): 34.139 - 34.961
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.950 - 4.837
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.934 - 2.517
Silicate (umol/l): 5.526 - 73.648
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 428 - 818.5
Temperature range (°C): 5.652 - 11.407
Nitrate (umol/L): 11.503 - 36.119
Salinity (PPS): 34.139 - 34.961
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.950 - 4.837
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.934 - 2.517
Silicate (umol/l): 5.526 - 73.648
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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From 250 to 790 meters.
Habitat: bathydemersal. Found on the continental slope (Ref. 6871). Presumably ovoviviparous (Ref. 6871).
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
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Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&speccode=1256
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Centrophorus harrissoni
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 28
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
Red List Criteria
Version
Year Assessed
Assessor/s
Reviewer/s
Contributor/s
Justification
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Trends
Population
Population Trend
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Threats
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Management
Conservation Actions
Centrophorus harrissoni has also been nominated for listing as an Endangered species on the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). If listed as Endangered, the EPBC Act requires that a Recovery Plan be put in place within a three year period (Sara Williams, Environment Australia, pers. comm. March 2003).
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
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Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=171&speccode=2534
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Wikipedia
Dumb gulper shark
The dumb gulper shark, Centrophorus harrissoni, is a rare and critically endangered deepwater dogfish, known from only along the east coast of Australia and isolated spots north and west of New Zealand. It is also known as the dumb shark, Harrison's deep-sea dogfish, or Harrison's dogfish.[1]
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Characteristics
The dumb gulper shark may grow to be 43 inches (110 cm) long and has a long, robust head, a long, flattened snout, large mouth and large, green eyes which help it see at 820 to 1260 feet (250 to 385 metres) under water.[2][3] The body is slender and of moderate size, and is grey to greyish-brown in colour, with a paler underside. There are two dorsal fins, the first larger than the second, and each has a short spine, a white rear margin, and a dark blotch towards the front, which is more distinct in juveniles.[2] The large caudal fin is asymmetrical, with a longer upper than lower lobe.[3]
The broad teeth of this species differ between the upper and lower jaws, with the lower teeth being much larger. The teeth also differ between the male and female, with the male having much more erect, upright upper teeth, and upward-curving tips on the lowers.[2] The dumb gulper shark is very similar in appearance to the closely related little gulper shark.
Habitat
This shark is found off the east coast of Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and Tasmania, and off New Zealand.[4][5] Its habitat is in the demersal zone on the upper to middle continental slope.
Behavior
These sharks eat mostly teleost fishes (particularly myctophids), cephalopods and crustaceans.[6] Females produce a maximum of one to two pups every one to two years. Evidence suggests that the left-side uterus is less functional than the right-side.[7] They can live up to 46 years on average.
Population
The population size is unknown, but numbers have decreased as much as 99% in some areas since the 1970s. This species is harvested, via Demersal trawling or droplining, for meat and liver oil (squalene). Upper-slope dogfish species are more vulnerable to capture than midslope species, because they are targeted throughout their vertical distribution and most of their local geographic distribution.[8] The low reproductive rate, late age of maturity and long lifespan typical of these sharks means the dumb gulper shark is likely unable to recover quickly after depletion.
Conservation
Action is being taken to preserve the dumb gulper, which includes being incorporated into the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act to create a plan to keep this species safe. In response to this species’ inherent low productivity and continuing reduced numbers, managers have introduced landing restrictions and area closures to enhance Centrophorus stocks in southern Australian waters.[7]
References
- ^ a b Pogonoski, J. & Pollard, D. (2003). "Centrophorus harrissoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/41740. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ^ a b c White, W.T., Ebert, D.A. and Compagno, L.J.V. (2008) Description of two new species of gulper sharks, genusCentrophorus (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Centrophoridae) from Australia. In: Last, P.R., White, W.T. and Pogonoski, J.J. (Eds.) Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper No. 022, CSIRO, Australia.
- ^ a b Compagno, L.J.V. (1984). "Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date, Vol. 4: Part 1: Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes". Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/ad122e/ad122e08.pdf.
- ^ Scientists delighted to find rare shark off the east coast of Flinders Island, Tasmania
- ^ Duffy, Clintoni A. J. (1 June 2007). "First record of Centrophorus harrissoni from New Zealand, with observations on squamation in centrophoridae (squaliformes)". New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 41 (2): 163–173. doi:10.1080/00288330709509905.
- ^ Daley, R., Stevens, J. and Graham, K. 2002. Catch analysis and productivity of the deepwater dogfish resource in southern Australia. Report by CSIRO Marine Research and NSW Fisheries to the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. FRDC Project 1998/108.
- ^ a b Graham, K. J.; Daley, R. K. (1 January 2011). "Distribution, reproduction and population structure of three gulper sharks (Centrophorus, Centrophoridae) in south-east Australian waters". Marine and Freshwater Research 62 (6): 583. doi:10.1071/MF10158.
- ^ Andrew, N.L., Graham, K.J., Hodgson, K.E. and Gordon, G.N.G. 1997. Changes after twenty years in relative abundance and size composition of commercial fishes caught during fishery independent surveys on SEF trawl grounds. NSW Fisheries Final Report Series No. 1 FRDC Project No. 96/139.
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