Paralichthys adspersus — Details

Fine Flounder learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

Learn more about this article

Inhabits soft bottom area of the continental shelf (Ref. 11035).
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Description

Learn more about this article

Common names: flounder (English), lenguado (Espanol)
 
Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner, 1867)


Fine flounder


Body height ~ 45% of SL; head length ~ 30% of SL; eyes on left side, separated by a flat space without a ridge; mouth long, 44% of head length, ends under rear of eye; teeth are large canines, especially at front of mouth; 21-26 gill rakers; dorsal fin begins over upper eye,  65-75; anal fin 54-59; bases of pelvics symmetric; urinary papilla on eye side, immediately behind level of anus; lateral line scales 95-112; eye-side scales rough, large fish with small accessory scales between larger body scales; blind side scales smooth; lateral line extending onto head, with branches to upper eye and below lower eye, strongly arched over pectoral fin.


Eye side brown to grey, with or without pale and dark spots and blotches, fins lighter than body, unpaired ones marked like body, pectoral and pelvic with small dark spots, often in rows on pectoral.


Size: 70 cm.

Habitat: sandy bottoms.

Depth: 1-35 m.

Ecuador to Chile.

Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific online information system. www.stri.org/sftep

Source: Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific Online Information System

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Distribution

Learn more about this article

Eastern Pacific: Ecuador to Chile.
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Range Description

Learn more about this article

This southeastern Pacific species is found from Ecuador to Chile.
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Learn more about this article

Eastern Pacific off northwestern South America.
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

© FishWise Professional

Source: FishWise Professional

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Depth

Learn more about this article

Depth Range (m): 1 (S) - 35 (S)
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific online information system. www.stri.org/sftep

Source: Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific Online Information System

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Zoogeography

Learn more about this article

See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific


 
Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, TEP non-endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic, Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily, Peruvian province, primarily, Continent, Continent only

Residency: Vagrant

Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo), South Temperate (Peruvian Province )

Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific online information system. www.stri.org/sftep

Source: Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific Online Information System

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Physical Description

Morphology

Learn more about this article

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 72 - 77; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 57 - 65
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Size

Learn more about this article

Length max (cm): 70.0 (S)
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific online information system. www.stri.org/sftep

Source: Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific Online Information System

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Size

Learn more about this article

Maximum size: 700 mm TL
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

© FishWise Professional

Source: FishWise Professional

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Max. size

Learn more about this article

70.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 11035))
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Diagnostic Description

Learn more about this article

Pectoral fins short, about half of head on ocular side and about one-third of head on blind side. Caudal fin double truncate (Ref. 27363).
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Ecology

Habitat

Environment

Learn more about this article

demersal; marine
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Habitat and Ecology

Learn more about this article

Habitat and Ecology
Adults of this species inhabit soft substrata on the continental shelf, whereas juveniles occur in shallower waters including estuaries and mangrove habitats. It feeds on mobile invertebrates and fishes (Medina et al. 2004). This species is found at depths to 35 m.

Systems
  • Marine
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Learn more about this article

Depth range based on 12 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 2 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 3 - 76.5
  Temperature range (°C): 16.357 - 25.489
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.287 - 10.127
  Salinity (PPS): 34.827 - 34.991
  Oxygen (ml/l): 3.183 - 4.663
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.143 - 1.856
  Silicate (umol/l): 3.670 - 10.807

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 3 - 76.5

Temperature range (°C): 16.357 - 25.489

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.287 - 10.127

Salinity (PPS): 34.827 - 34.991

Oxygen (ml/l): 3.183 - 4.663

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.143 - 1.856

Silicate (umol/l): 3.670 - 10.807
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Public Domain

 

Source: Ocean Biogeographic Information System

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Learn more about this article

Salinity: Marine, Marine Only

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Bottom, Bottom only

Habitat: Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove), Soft bottom only, Sand & gravel

FishBase Habitat: Demersal
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific online information system. www.stri.org/sftep

Source: Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific Online Information System

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Trophic Strategy

Feeding

Learn more about this article

Feeding Group: Carnivore

Diet: mobile benthic worms, mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs), octopus/squid/cuttlefish, bony fishes
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific online information system. www.stri.org/sftep

Source: Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific Online Information System

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

Learn more about this article

Egg Type: Pelagic, Pelagic larva
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific online information system. www.stri.org/sftep

Source: Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific Online Information System

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Paralichthys adspersus

Learn more about this article

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 5
Species With Barcodes: 1
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY 3.0)

© Barcode of Life Data Systems

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

Learn more about this article


Red List Category
LC
Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Nielsen, J.G., Munroe, T., Tyler, J., Bussing, W.

Reviewer/s
Carpenter, K., Polidoro, B., Livingstone, S. (Global Marine Species Assessment Team)

Justification
This species is widespread throughout the southeastern Pacific. It has no major threats and can be found in Marine Protected Areas. Therefore, this species is listed as Least Concern.
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Learn more about this article

IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific online information system. www.stri.org/sftep

Source: Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific Online Information System

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Population

Learn more about this article

Population
There is no population information available for this species.

Population Trend
Unknown
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Threats

Learn more about this article

Least Concern (LC)
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Learn more about this article

Major Threats
There are no major threats to this species. This is an important in commercial fisheries in Chile (Pequeno 1989).
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Management

Conservation Actions

Learn more about this article

Conservation Actions
There are no species specific conservation measures. However, this species' distribution is included in a number of Marine Protected Areas in the Humboldt Current region.
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

Learn more about this article

fisheries: commercial
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Wikipedia

Fine flounder

Learn more about this article

The Fine flounder (Paralichthys adspersus) is a species of large-tooth flounder native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, along the continental shelf from the coast of Ecuador in the north to the coast of Peru in the south.

It is a medium sized flatfish, growing up to 70 cm in length, with females typically being larger than males. It is a game fish, caught by an artisanal fishery off the Peruvian coast.

The species is a predator, feeding off smaller fishes in its habitat.

The fine flounder was first collected by Charles Darwin in the Galapagos Islands and was described in 1842 as Hippoglossus kingii, which would have placed it in the left-eye flounder family. However, the description of H. kingii has been determined to lack sufficient information to absolutely determine which species it describes and is thus considered ambiguous and therefore is not valid.

References

Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-SA 3.0)

 

Source: Wikipedia

Unreviewed

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

comment on or rate this article

Disclaimer

EOL content is automatically assembled from many different content providers. As a result, from time to time you may find pages on EOL that are confusing.

To request an improvement, please leave a comment on the page. Thank you!