Orthopristis chalceus — Details

Brassy Grunt learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Description

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Common names: grunt (English), burrito (Espanol), corcovado (Espanol), corocoro (Espanol)
 
Orthopristis chalceus (Günther, 1864)


Humpback grunt



Body relatively deep (depth 2.2-2.4 in SL), strongly compressed; mouth short, ends before eye, with thin lips, not red inside; chin with 2 front pores and 2 rear pores in central hole, plus a longitudinal groove; preopercle finely serrated, lower serrations do not point forwards  with vertical margin straight; lower gill rakers 12-14;  dorsal fin XII (rarely XIII), 14-15, without notch between spines and rays; anal fin with long base, III, 10-11, 2nd  spine longer than 3rd; pectoral long, curved, pointed; tail forked; body scales without small accessory scales; 9-10 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal origin; soft dorsal and anal scaleless; 55-60 lateral line scales.

Silvery grey with oblique orange bands corresponding with scale rows on upper half of side; white on ventral parts; fins whitish to dusky blackish (tail) except pectorals slightly yellow.

Size: grows to 45 cm.

Habitat: usually found over sand or rubble bottoms.

Depth: 0-35 m.

Central Baja and the Gulf of California to Peru, including the Galapagos.

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Biology

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Inhabits sand and gravel bottoms of coastal waters (Ref. 9114). Important food fish (Ref. 9114).
  • McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider 1995 Haemulidae. Burros, corocoros, chulas, gallinazos, roncos. p. 1136-1173. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9114)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9114&speccode=13701 External link.
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Distribution

Range Description

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This species is endemic to the Eastern Pacific, and is found from southern Baja California and the Gulf of California to Peru, including the Galapagos archipelago.
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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 0 (S) - 35 (S)
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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific


 
Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, TEP endemic, Continent + Island (s), Continent, Island (s)

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap), Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos), Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo), South Temperate (Peruvian Province )

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Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Panama, including the Galapagos Islands.
  • McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider 1995 Haemulidae. Burros, corocoros, chulas, gallinazos, roncos. p. 1136-1173. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9114)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9114&speccode=13701 External link.
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Physical Description

Morphology

Size

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Length max (cm): 45.0 (S)
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Size

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Maximum size: 450 mm ---
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Max. size

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45.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9114))
  • McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider 1995 Haemulidae. Burros, corocoros, chulas, gallinazos, roncos. p. 1136-1173. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9114)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9114&speccode=13701 External link.
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Diagnostic Description

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Body short, compressed, and not very deep (depth contained 2.5 to 3.0 times in standard length); mouth small and terminal, its posterior end located at the same level as the anterior rim of the eye; first gill arch with 19 to 24 gill rakers; dorsal fin very slightly notched, with 12 to 13 spines and 14 to 15 soft rays (XII-XIII, 14-15); second anal spine stronger than third but of equal length; scale series above lateral line oblique; body silvery gray, with wavy, interrupted, gold or copper colored lines that follow the oblique scale series above the lateral line and that run horizontally below it (Ref. 55763).
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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology
This demersal species inhabits sand and gravel substrate of coastal waters.

Systems
  • Marine
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Depth range based on 57 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 10 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0.21 - 213.5
  Temperature range (°C): 13.466 - 21.311
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.144 - 31.396
  Salinity (PPS): 34.046 - 34.888
  Oxygen (ml/l): 0.376 - 5.178
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.352 - 2.256
  Silicate (umol/l): 3.264 - 23.940

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0.21 - 213.5

Temperature range (°C): 13.466 - 21.311

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.144 - 31.396

Salinity (PPS): 34.046 - 34.888

Oxygen (ml/l): 0.376 - 5.178

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.352 - 2.256

Silicate (umol/l): 3.264 - 23.940
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Habitat

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Salinity: Marine, Brackish

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Near Bottom, Bottom, Bottom + water column

Habitat: Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove), Soft bottom only, Mud, Sand & gravel, Estuary

FishBase Habitat: Demersal
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Environment

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demersal; marine
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Trophic Strategy

Feeding

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Feeding Group: Carnivore

Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs), mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves
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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

Reproduction

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Egg Type: Pelagic, Pelagic larva
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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Orthopristis chalceus

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category
LC
Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Allen, G., Robertson, R., Rivera, F., Edgar, G.

Reviewer/s
Carpenter, K., Polidoro, B., Livingstone, S. (Global Marine Species Assessment Team)

Contributor/s

Justification
This species is widespread in the Eastern Pacific, and common throughout most of its range. There are no known major threats to this species, and no current indication of population decline. It is listed as Least Concern.
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Conservation status

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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed
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Population

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Population
This species is common in some parts of its range.

A survey conducted at Gulf Dulce, Costa Rica showed that this species 0.013±0.046 ind./ m2, with a relative abundance of 0.339% (Figueroa, 2001). In Bahía de Navidad, Jalisco, México, this species was captured once within 12 (one each month) field trips throughout a year (Rojo-Vázquez et al. 2001). This species was studied in different sites at Galapagos archipelago, with an overall mean abundance of 1.37 ind./500 m2 (Edgar et al. 2004).

Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats
There are no major threats known for this species. This fish has a minor commercial importance, and can be common in local markets (McKay and Schneider, 1995). Populations of haemulid species (Orthopristis spp., Anisotremus interruptus and A. scapularis, Haemulon scudderi) declined less than 50% during 1997/98 El Nino, but populations recoved over the subsequent two year period.
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Least Concern (LC)
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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions
There are no known conservation measures for this species. However, this species distribution falls partially into a number of Marine Protected Areas in the Eastern Pacific region (WDPA 2006).
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial; price category: Common in local markets.; price reliability: medium
  • McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider 1995 Haemulidae. Burros, corocoros, chulas, gallinazos, roncos. p. 1136-1173. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9114)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9114&speccode=13701 External link.
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