Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

Found in large rivers, lakes and tanks. A large, voracious and predatory catfish which thrives in heels with grassy margin (Ref. 6028); mostly hides under holes in river banks and canals (Ref. 44149). Associated with deep, still or slow-flowing water with a mud or silt substrate (Ref. 6028). Sluggish and stays on muddy or silty bottom in search of food. Juveniles feed mainly on insects; adults feed on smaller fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. Oviparous, distinct pairing possibly like other members of the same family (Ref. 205). Abundant during the warm season; a pre-monsoon summer breeder. In the Mekong, it is reported to migrate to smaller streams, canals and to the floodplain during the flood season (Ref. 37770). When the water level in the Mekong drops and the flood recedes, it moves to the Mekong or larger tributaries, where it stays in deep pools until the next inundation period (Ref. 37770). Destructive to other more valuable food-fishes. Bites strongly if handled, with its huge mouth, formidable jaws, and band of conical teeth. Threatened due to over harvesting (Ref. 58490).
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Distribution

Range Description

Wallago attu occurs all across India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia and Java in Indonesia.
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Asia: Pakistan to Viet Nam and Indonesia. Reported from Afghanistan (Ref. 39701). Lower risk - near threatened status in Western Ghats, India (Ref. 44149).
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Physical Description

Morphology

Dorsal soft rays (total): 5; Analsoft rays: 77 - 97
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Size

Maximum size: 2400 mm TL
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

© FishWise Professional

Source: FishWise Professional

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Max. size

240 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 6028))
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Diagnostic Description

Head broad, snout depressed. Body elongate, strongly compressed. Mouth very deeply cleft, its corner reaching far behind eyes. Teeth in jaws set in wide bands; vomerine teeth in two small patches. Barbels two pairs; maxillary barbels extending to anterior margin posterior of anal fin, mandibulary barbels to angle of mouth. Eyes small, with a free orbital margin. Dorsal fin small, anal fin very long (Ref. 4792). Mandibular barbel longer than pelvic fin; 24-30 gill rakers on the first arch (Ref. 12693). Eye in front of vertical through corner of mouth (Ref. 43281).
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

Habitat and Ecology
Inhabits freshwater and tidal waters, in rivers, tanks, channels reservoirs etc.

This catfish inhabits large rivers, tanks and lakes. It is one of the largest, voracious and predatory of the local catfish which thrives well in rivers and tanks also, especially in jheels with gassy magin. The fish prefers muddy tanks subject to periodical flooding from a nullah or river. A tank where this fish exists, usually contains no other good fish. In order to have other fishes in the tanks and reservoirs, it is very necessary to eliminate this fish. It is rather sluggish and stays at the bottom of water in search of food.

Systems
  • Freshwater
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Environment

demersal; potamodromous (Ref. 37770); freshwater; brackish
  • Sokheng, C., C.K. Chhea, S. Viravong, K. Bouakhamvongsa, U. Suntornratana, N. Yoorong, N.T. Tung, T.Q. Bao, A.F. Poulsen and J.V. Jørgensen 1999 Fish migrations and spawning habits in the Mekong mainstream: a survey using local knowledge (basin-wide). Assessment of Mekong fisheries: Fish Migrations and Spawning and the Impact of Water Management Project (AMFC). AMFP Report 2/99. Vientiane, Lao, P.D.R. (Ref. 37770)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=37770&speccode=12102 External link.
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Migration

Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
  • Sokheng, C., C.K. Chhea, S. Viravong, K. Bouakhamvongsa, U. Suntornratana, N. Yoorong, N.T. Tung, T.Q. Bao, A.F. Poulsen and J.V. Jørgensen 1999 Fish migrations and spawning habits in the Mekong mainstream: a survey using local knowledge (basin-wide). Assessment of Mekong fisheries: Fish Migrations and Spawning and the Impact of Water Management Project (AMFC). AMFP Report 2/99. Vientiane, Lao, P.D.R. (Ref. 37770)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=37770&speccode=12102 External link.
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Trophic Strategy

Found in large rivers, lakes and tanks. A large, voracious and predatory catfish which thrives in heels with grassy margin (Ref. 6028); mostly hides under holes in river banks and canals (Ref. 44149). Associated with deep, still or slow-flowing water with a mud or silt substrate (Ref. 6028). Sluggish and stays on muddy or silty bottom in search of food. Juveniles feed mainly on insects; adults feed on smaller fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. Abundant during the warm season; a pre-monsoon summer breeder. In the Mekong, it is reported to migrate to smaller streams, canals and to the floodplain during the flood season (Ref. 37770). When the water level in the Mekong drops and the flood recedes, it moves to the Mekong or larger tributaries, where it stays in deep pools until the next inundation period (Ref. 37770). Destructive to other more valuable food-fishes. Bites strongly if handled, with its huge mouth, formidable jaws, and band of conical teeth.
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Diseases and Parasites

Spinitectus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Procamallanus Infection 6. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Isoparorchis Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Goezia Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Gnathostoma Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Genarchopsis Infestation 7. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome. Viral diseases
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Contracaecum Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Wallago attu

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species. 

 
There are 5 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.  Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.  See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
 
GBGC7643-09|FJ170769|Wallago attu| ------------------------------------------CTTTACCTAGTATTTGGTGCTTGAGCCGGAATAGTTGGTACAGCCCTC---AGTCTACTAATTCGAGCAGAGCTGGCCCAACCTGGCGCCCTTCTAGGCGAC---GACCAAATTTACAACGTTATTGTTACCGCCCACGCTTTTGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATGCCCATTATGATCGGGGGCTTCGGGAATTGACTAGTGCCTCTAATG---ATTGGGGCCCCAGACATAGCATTCCCCCGAATAAATAACATAAGCTTCTGACTCCTTCCCCCATCCTTTCTTCTCTTGCTAGCCTCATCTGCCGTTGAAGCAGGAGCAGGAACAGGATGAACTGTTTATCCTCCCCTTGCAGGGAATCTTGCACACGCAGGGGCTTCTGTAGATTTA---ACAATCTTTTCACTACATCTTGCAGGTGTGTCCTCTATTCTTGGGGCCATCAATTTTATTACAACAATTATTAACATAAAACCTCCAGCCATCTCACAATATCAAACACCCTTGTTTGTGTGAGCTGTACTAATCACAGCAGTACTGCTTCTACTATCCCTACCTGTCCTAGCCGCA---GGCATTACAATGCTGTTAACAGACCGAAATTTAAACACCACATTCTTTGATCCTGCGGGAGGGGGAGACCCAATTCTTTACCAACACCTC------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
-- end --

Download FASTA File
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY 3.0)

© Barcode of Life Data Systems

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Wallago attu

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 5
Species: 9
Species With Barcodes: 1

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY 3.0)

© Barcode of Life Data Systems

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment


Red List Category
NT
Near Threatened

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Ng, H.H.

Reviewer/s
Britz, R., Molur, S. & Vishwanath, W.

Contributor/s
Molur, S.

Justification
Wallago attu has undergone significant decline due to overexploitation as a food fish through out its range. Unfortunately, empirical studies on this are available only from two locations, which is extrapolated across the species' known range. Although there is taxonomic uncertainty about the species, until it is resolved, the populations currently known as Wallago attu are assessed as Near Threatened. Further studies on taxonomy and impacts of harvest on populations along with population monitoring are required to reassess the status of the species, which may actually be more threatened than what is currently ascribed.
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Population

Population
It is widely distributed and hence has a very large population. However the species is overfished causing considerable decline in the population in southern West Bengal of 26.7% over four decades from 1960 to 2000 (Mishra et al. 2009). In another study in northeastern Sunderbans, the species is known to have declined by 99% in four years (1997-2001) (Patra et al. 2005).

Population Trend
Decreasing
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Threats

Threats

Major Threats
Overexploitation of this species for food is a major threat and has resulted in population declines (Mishra et al. 2009; Patra et al. 2005). The effects of other potential anthropogenic threats such as habitat destruction and competition from alien species need to be further ascertained (H.H. Ng pers. comm.).
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Near Threatened (NT)
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Management

Conservation Actions

Conservation Actions
The conspecificity of populations from within and outside of the Indian subcontinent requires critical evaluation. Empirical data on exploitation levels for this species throughout the rest of its range (other than southwestern Bengal) is needed. The effects of other anthropogenic threats such as pollution and habitat destruction on population declines need to be further ascertained.
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

© WorldFish Center - FishBase

Source: FishBase

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Wikipedia

Wallago attu

Wallago attu (Thai: ปลาเค้าขาว) is a species of catfish in the family Siluridae, or "sheatfishes". The fish is commonly known by its genus name, wallago. Found in large rivers and lakes, it can reach 2.4 m (8 feet) total length. This south Asian fish is found from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan to Vietnam and Indonesia, and is also reported from Afghanistan.

Contents

The name

In Indonesia and Malaysia, the wallago is known as "Ikan Tapah," and this name is the origin of the name of a Malaysian town, Tapah. It is also known as Wallagonia attu, Boal Fish etc. In Bengal and Assam, it is known as Boal and Borali,Attu walah, in Manipur it is commonly known by its local name "Sareng" or Valah in Malayalam respectively.

Aggressiveness

It's common to find huge frogs and fishes inside its stomach, when cut for cooking. It has been claimed that in some areas of Thailand the natives fear the species because of its believed habit of eating small ducks, dogs, and small children. It is thought the Tapah became this aggressive due to natives laying to rest their dead in the water. The catfish would then see this as a ready supply of food.[1]

Spawning

Just like salmon, this fish do their annual upstream journey to lay their eggs during the monsoon season before returning to the deeper part of the river for the rest of the year. This is the time they fall prey to the local fishermen who set a special fish net across the river to trap the homecoming school. It was a common story amongst local Iban native of Sarawak that they speared several fishes weighing more than 50 kg each.

Curse

Following to some folklore in Malaysia, the descendant of a person called Tok Kaduk cannot eat and touch the fish because the legend says that a long time ago Tok Kaduk caught this Tapah and when he cut open its stomach, there was gold inside the fish so Tok Kaduk took the gold and stitched back the fish and released it back in to the river. From that time, if the descendant came in touch with the fish their skin would become red and itching until they go to Lambo near Bota in middle District of Perak, Malaysia to find the medicine. The medicine is remaining gold from the fish that has been kept to make the medicine for this disease. Some say that the gold needs to be soaked inside water and needs to be consumed by the patient and wash the areas that itch.

See also

References

  1. ^ Magallanes, Frank. "Wallago Attu, Man Eating Catfish". http://opefe.com/wallago.html. Retrieved 2007-09-27. 
Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-SA 3.0)

 

Source: Wikipedia

Unreviewed

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Disclaimer

EOL content is automatically assembled from many different content providers. As a result, from time to time you may find pages on EOL that are confusing.

To request an improvement, please leave a comment on the page. Thank you!