Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Inhabits shelf and slope waters (Ref. 2683).
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Haedrich, R.L. 1990 Centrolophidae. p. 1011-1013. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6942)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6942&speccode=249
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Distribution
Range Description
The Pemarco Blackfish (Schedophilus pemarco) has been found along the West African coast from Cape Blanc, Mauritania, to Namibia. Specimens have also been found in the Caribbean, although these are likely to have been transported from western Africa on the North Atlantic Gyre (Haedrich and Cervigon 1969).
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Eastern Atlantic: Cape Blanc, Mauritania to the Kunene River, Angola. Reported from Namibia (Ref. 27121). Western Atlantic: occurrence in Venezuela is based on 4 samples taken from the coast, of which only one is larger than 20 cm TL (Ref. 13628).
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Haedrich, R.L. 1990 Centrolophidae. p. 1011-1013. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6942)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6942&speccode=249
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 5 - 7; Dorsal soft rays (total): 23 - 26; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 16 - 18
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Heemstra, P.C. 1995 Additions and corrections for the 1995 impression. p. v-xv. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Revised Edition of Smiths' Sea Fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 11228)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11228&speccode=506
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Size
Max. size
50.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2683))
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Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. FAO, Rome. 268 p. (Ref. 2683)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2683&speccode=1800
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Diagnostic Description
Dark grey-blue to brownish in color; juveniles with irregular horizontal stripes on flanks; fins darker than body; pelvic fins black; eye bluish (Ref. 4410).
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Heemstra, P.C. 1995 Additions and corrections for the 1995 impression. p. v-xv. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Revised Edition of Smiths' Sea Fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 11228)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11228&speccode=506
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
The Pemarco Blackfish is a benthopelagic species that has a depth range of 50–500 m, and is most commonly found on the continental shelf or slope (Schneider 1990, Haedrich and Cervigon 1969) over a range of substrates. This species' diet consists of jellyfish, amphipods, krill, and small fish. As adults increase in size, they seek deeper water (Haedrich and Cervigon 1969).
Systems
- Marine
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Depth range based on 5 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 3 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 199 - 340
Temperature range (°C): 9.602 - 13.612
Nitrate (umol/L): 17.975 - 25.069
Salinity (PPS): 34.740 - 35.641
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.688 - 4.781
Phosphate (umol/l): 1.467 - 1.547
Silicate (umol/l): 8.713 - 14.090
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 199 - 340
Temperature range (°C): 9.602 - 13.612
Nitrate (umol/L): 17.975 - 25.069
Salinity (PPS): 34.740 - 35.641
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.688 - 4.781
Phosphate (umol/l): 1.467 - 1.547
Silicate (umol/l): 8.713 - 14.090
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 3 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 199 - 340
Temperature range (°C): 9.602 - 13.612
Nitrate (umol/L): 17.975 - 25.069
Salinity (PPS): 34.740 - 35.641
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.688 - 4.781
Phosphate (umol/l): 1.467 - 1.547
Silicate (umol/l): 8.713 - 14.090
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 199 - 340
Temperature range (°C): 9.602 - 13.612
Nitrate (umol/L): 17.975 - 25.069
Salinity (PPS): 34.740 - 35.641
Oxygen (ml/l): 1.688 - 4.781
Phosphate (umol/l): 1.467 - 1.547
Silicate (umol/l): 8.713 - 14.090
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 50 - 500m.
From 50 to 500 meters.
Habitat: benthopelagic.
From 50 to 500 meters.
Habitat: benthopelagic.
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Environment
benthopelagic; marine; depth range 50 - 500 m (Ref. 2683), usually 100 - 500 m (Ref. 26999)
-
Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. FAO, Rome. 268 p. (Ref. 2683)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2683&speccode=1800
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Sanches, J.G. 1991 Catálogo dos principais peixes marinhos da República de Guiné-Bissau. Publicações avulsas do I.N.I.P. No. 16. 429 p. (Ref. 26999)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26999&speccode=5059
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Trophic Strategy
Inhabits shelf and slope waters (Ref. 2683).
-
Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. FAO, Rome. 268 p. (Ref. 2683)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2683&speccode=1800
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
LC
Least Concern
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2010
Assessor/s
Starnes, W.C.
Reviewer/s
Collen, B., Richman, N., Beresford, A., Chenery, A. & Ram, M.
Contributor/s
De Silva, R., Milligan, H., Lutz, M., Batchelor, A., Jopling, B., Kemp, K., Lewis, S., Lintott, P., Sears, J., Wilson, P., Smith, J. and Livingston, F.
Justification
The Pemarco Blackfish (Schedophilus pemarco) has been assessed as Least Concern. Although this species is taken as by-catch in commercial fisheries, this threat is not known across the entire range of this broadly distributed species, and so is not considered a major threat at present. Monitoring of the Pemarco Blackfish, its habitat status, and potential threats is needed, to determine the impact commercial fisheries will have on the population of this species in the future.
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
In their description of the Pemarco Blackfish, Haedrich and Cervigon (1969) described this species as 'somewhat rare'.
Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats
Threats
Major Threats
It is unknown whether the Pemarco Blackfish is being impacted by any major threat processes. Although this species does not appear to be a target species, it is captured by bottom trawling in the Gulf of Guinea. Ecosystem structure and function has been dramatically changed in areas of this species range, such as Namibia, due to the pressure of over-fishing (Sumaila and Vasconcellos 2000).
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Least Concern (LC)
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
There are no species-specific conservation measures in place for the Pemarco Blackfish. However, the distribution of this species may coincide with a number of designated marine protected areas. Monitoring of this species, its habitat status, and potential threats is needed, to determine the impact commercial fisheries will have on the population of this species in the future.
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: commercial
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Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. FAO, Rome. 268 p. (Ref. 2683)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2683&speccode=1800
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FishBase
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