The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1. IUCN Red List (June, 2008) http://www.iucnredlist.org
• 2. Fowler, S.L., Cavanagh, R.D., Camhi, M., Burgess, G.H., Cailliet, G.M., Fordham, S.V., Simpfendorfer, C.A. and Musick, J.A. (2005) Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras: The Status of the Chondrichthyan Fishes. IUCN/SSC Shark Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• 3. Burnie, D. (2001) Animal. Dorling Kindersley, London.
• 4. Fishbase (October, 2008) http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/FamilySummary.cfm?ID=21
• 5. Campbell, A. and Dawes, J. (2004) Encyclopedia of Underwater Life. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• 6. Thorson, T.B., Langhammer, J.K. and Oetinger, M.I. (1983) Reproduction and development of the South American freshwater stingrays Potamotrygon circularis and P. motoro. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 9 (1): 3 - 24.
• 7. Góes de Araújo, M.L., Charvet-Almeida, P., Almeida, M.P. and Pereira, H. (2004) Freshwater Stingrays (Potamotrygonidae): Status, Conservation and Management Challenges. Twentieth Meeting of the Animals Committee, CITES, Johannesburg, South Africa. Available at http://www.cites.org/eng/com/AC/20/index.shtml
• Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl 1997 Aquarien Atlas, Band 5. Mergus Verlag, Melle, Germany. 1148 p. (Ref. 13614)
• Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. John Hopkins University Press, Maryland.
• Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, no. 1, vol 1-3. 2905
• Ferreira, E.J.G., J. Zuanon and G.M. dos Santos 1996 A list of commercial fish species from Santarém, State of Pará, Brazil. Naga ICLARM Q. 19(3):41-44. (Ref. 12202)
• Ferreira, E.J.G., J.A.S. Zuanon and G.M. dos Santos 1998 Peixes comerciais do médio Amazonas. Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. 211p. (Ref. 27548)
• Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM).
• IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
• Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Praha. (Ref. 51153)
• Moravec, F.0 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Praha.
• Nion, H., C. Rios and P. Meneses0 Peces del Uruguay: Lista sistemática y nombres comunes. Montevideo, DINARA, Infopesca.
• Ortega, H. and R.P. Vari 1986 Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Peru. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (437):1-25. (Ref. 6329)
• Paratype:
• Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)
• Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p.
• Skelton, P.H.0 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 395 p.
• Tello, S. and H. Sánchez 1995 To be filled. Unpublished. (Ref. 9235)
• Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.
• de Carvalho, M.R., N. Lovejoy and R.S. Rosa 2003 Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays). p. 22-28. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36687)
• de Carvalho, M.R., N. Lovejoy and R.S. Rosa0 Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays). p. 22-28. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.