Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Occurs in coral-rich areas of deep lagoon and seaward reefs from the lower surge zone to at least 50 meters, Ref. 48637. Feeds on a variety of benthic organisms such as algae, echinoderms, fishes, mollusks, tunicates, sponges, and hydrozoans. Has a territorial nature. Eggs laid as one cluster in a shallow excavation on sand or rubble along channels. (Ref. 1602). Marketed fresh and dried-salted (Ref. 9770).
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Matsuura, K. 2001 Balistidae. Triggerfishes. p. 3911-3928. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9770)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9770&speccode=9
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FishBase
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Distribution
Distribution
Chagos, Djibouti, Kenya, Mozambique, Red Sea, Reunion, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa (country)
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MacNae, W. & M. Kalk (eds) (1958). A natural history of Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Witwatersrand Univ. Press, Johannesburg. I-iv, 163 pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6266
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
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Randall, J.E. (1992). Red Sea Reef Fishes. Immel Publishing.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6091
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Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
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Smith, J.L.B. & M.M. Smith (1963). The fishes of Seychelles. Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University. Grahamstown.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5926
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McClanahan, T.R. (1994). Kenya coral reef lagoon fish: effects of fishing, substrate complexity, and sea urchins. Coral Reefs 13: 231-241
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5911
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Letourneur, Y., M. Harmelin-Vivien & R. Galzin (1993). Impact of hurricane Firinga on fish community structure on fringing reefs of Reunion Island, S.W. Indian Ocean. Environmental Biology of Fishes 37: 109-120
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6048
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Edwards, A. & J. Rosewell (1981). Vertical zonation of coral reef fishes in the Sudanese Red Sea. Hydrobiologia 79, 21- 31.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6095
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McClanahan, T.R. (1995). Fish predators and scavengers of the sea urchin Echinometra mathaei in Kenyan coral-reef marine parks. Environ. Biol. Fish. 43: 187-193.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6069
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Source:
World Register of Marine Species
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Indo-Pacific: Red Sea south to Natal, South Africa (Ref. 4420) and east to the Line, Marquesan and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to the southern Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia.
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Matsuura, K. 2001 Balistidae. Triggerfishes. p. 3911-3928. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9770)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9770&speccode=9
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
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FishBase
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 24 - 27; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 20 - 24
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Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2334&speccode=13770
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FishBase
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Size
Max. size
30.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2334))
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Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2334&speccode=13770
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Diagnostic Description
Description
Occurs in coral-rich areas of deep lagoon and seaward reefs from the lower surge zone to at least 50 m. Feeds on a variety of benthic organisms: algae, echinoderms, fishes, molluscs, tunicates, sponges, and hydrozoans. Has a territorial nature. Eggs laid as one cluster in a shallow excavation on sand or rubble along channels. (Ref. 1602). Marketed fresh and dried-salted (Ref. 9770).
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
© WoRMS for SMEBD
Source:
World Register of Marine Species
Trusted
Scales enlarged above the pectoral-fin base and just behind the gill opening to form a flexible tympanum; scales of caudal peduncle with 2 longitudinal rows of large anterior-projecting spines. No groove in front of eye. Caudal peduncle compressed. Color: dark green to dark brown with oblique curved orange lines on posterior head and body; an oblique band of narrow blue and orange stripes from around the mouth to below the pectoral fin; a large round black blotch around peduncular spines; rays of soft dorsal, anal and pectoral fins orange; caudal fin orange (Ref. 9770).
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Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2334&speccode=13770
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Ecology
Habitat
Depth range based on 237 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 205 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.15 - 99
Temperature range (°C): 24.353 - 29.336
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.019 - 5.255
Salinity (PPS): 32.279 - 35.924
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.591 - 4.814
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.055 - 0.567
Silicate (umol/l): 0.567 - 10.063
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.15 - 99
Temperature range (°C): 24.353 - 29.336
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.019 - 5.255
Salinity (PPS): 32.279 - 35.924
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.591 - 4.814
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.055 - 0.567
Silicate (umol/l): 0.567 - 10.063
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 205 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.15 - 99
Temperature range (°C): 24.353 - 29.336
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.019 - 5.255
Salinity (PPS): 32.279 - 35.924
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.591 - 4.814
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.055 - 0.567
Silicate (umol/l): 0.567 - 10.063
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.15 - 99
Temperature range (°C): 24.353 - 29.336
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.019 - 5.255
Salinity (PPS): 32.279 - 35.924
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.591 - 4.814
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.055 - 0.567
Silicate (umol/l): 0.567 - 10.063
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Environment
reef-associated; marine; depth range 2 - 50 m (Ref. 9710)
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Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9710&speccode=13770
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Source:
FishBase
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Trophic Strategy
Occurs in coral-rich (Ref. 58534) areas of deep lagoon and seaward reefs from the lower surge zone to at least 50 meters (Ref. 48637). Feeds on a variety of benthic organisms such as algae, coral, molluscs, worms, echinoderms, fishes, mollusks, tunicates, sponges, and hydrozoans (Ref. 54301). Has a territorial nature. They seek shelter in coral crevices when threatened or when retiring for the night.
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Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Spawning behaviour may involve loose aggregations and nesting occurs in channels. The eggs are laid in a single spongy cluster in a shallow excavation in rubble or sand. Hatching occurs at night (Ref. 37816).
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Myers, R.F. 1999 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=37816&speccode=4307
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Genomic DNA is available from 7 specimens with morphological vouchers housed at Queensland Museum
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Barcode data: Balistapus undulatus
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 7 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
Download FASTA File
There are 7 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
GBGC6404-09|AP009203|Balistapus undulatus| ACACGTTGACTCTTCTCAACTAATCATAAAGATATCGGCACCCTCTATTTGATTTTTGGTGCTTGAGCTGGGATAGTAGGCACAGCCTTA---AGCTTGCTAATCCGAGCAGAACTAAGCCAACCCGGCGCTCTTTTGGGTGAT---GACCAGATTTATAATGTGATCGTCACAGCACATGCTTTCGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATGCCAATTATGATTGGAGGGTTTGGAAACTGACTTGTCCCCCTAATG---ATTGGGGCCCCTGATATAGCATTCCCTCGAATGAATAACATGAGCTTTTGACTTCTACCTCCCTCACTTCTCCTACTCCTAGCCTCCTCAAGCGTAGAAGCAGGGGCCGGTACCGGATGAACCGTCTACCCACCCCTTGCAGGAAACCTGGCCCACGCAGGAGCCTCTGTAGACCTT---ACTATTTTCTCACTACACTTAGCGGGTATTTCATCCATCCTTGGCGCAATCAATTTTATCACCACTATTATTAACATGAAACCTCCCGCCATTTCACAGTACCAAACACCCCTATTTGTATGAGCCGTTCTAATTACAGCAGTACTTCTTCTCCTCTCTCTCCCCGTACTAGCTGCC---GGAATTACAATACTACTAACCGATCGAAATTTAAACACCACATTCTTTGACCCTGCCGGAGGGGGAGATCCAATCCTTTATCAACATTTATTTTGATTTTTTGGTCACCCTGAAGTCTACATTCTTATTCTCCCTGGCTTTGGTATAATTTCTCATATCGTTGCTTATTATTCAGGTAAAAAA---GAACCTTTCGGTTACATGGGTATAGTCTGAGCTATAATGGCCATTGGACTCCTAGGGTTCATCGTCTGAGCCCACCACATGTTTACAGTTGGGATGG
-- end --
-- end --
Download FASTA File
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Balistapus undulatus
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 7
Species: 16
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 7
Species: 16
Species With Barcodes: 1
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Conservation
Threats
Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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FishBase
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
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Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306
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Matsuura, K. 2001 Balistidae. Triggerfishes. p. 3911-3928. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9770)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9770&speccode=9
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
Trusted
Wikipedia
Orange-lined triggerfish
The Orange-lined Triggerfish, Orange-striped Triggerfish or Undulated Triggerfish (Balistapus undulatus) is a triggerfish of the tropical Indo-Pacific area. It is the only member of the genus Balistapus. They reach a maximum size of about 30 cm. They feed on coral, crabs and invertebrates. They are found up to around 50 m deep in tropical waters.
In the Aquarium
Balistapus undulatus is a hardy member of a saltwater aquarium. It however has a reputation as one of the meanest fish in the aquarium trade. Sometimes young individuals will accept tank-mates but an owner should expect this fish to kill most fish and invertebrates that share its aquarium. Serious consideration should therefore be made for keeping this fish alone. The minimum tank size to keep a small fish alone is 190 L. It is a slow growing fish, but as it gets older it will likely need a larger aquarium.
References
- "Balistapus undulatus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=173218. Retrieved 12 April 2006.
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Balistapus undulatus" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
- centralpets.com Page on Orange-Lined Triggerfish
- advancedaquarist.com Page on Triggerfish
Gallery
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