Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Inhabits warm waters (Ref. 2683). Forms school close to the shore (Ref. 9987). Enters coastal lagoons and feeds on clupeids particularly Ethmalosa fimbriata. Reproduces in July to August (Ref. 5377). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Utilized fresh, dried-salted, smoked and frozen (Ref. 9987).
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Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=168&speccode=89
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Distribution
Eastern Atlantic, concentrated in the Gulf of Guinea from the Canary Islands south to southern Angola; Western Mediterranean Sea (rare).
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European waters (ERMS scope), Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone, Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone
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van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374
http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1411
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Ramos, M. (ed.). 2010. IBERFAUNA. The Iberian Fauna Databank
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149024
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World Register of Marine Species
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Eastern Atlantic: Canary Islands and Senegal to the Gulf of Guinea and Baía dos Tigres, Angola. Rarely found in the northern Mediterranean Sea, along the coasts of France and Italy. This species has been erroneously been considered as a synonym of Scomberomorus maculatus by many authors.
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Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=168&speccode=89
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Range Description
This species is present in the eastern Atlantic from the Canary Islands and Senegal south through the Gulf of Guinea to Baía dos Tigres, in southern Angola. It is rarely found in the northern Mediterranean Sea, along the coasts of France and Italy.
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 15 - 18; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Analsoft rays: 17 - 20; Vertebrae: 46 - 47
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Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=168&speccode=89
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Size
Max. size
100.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2683)); 98 cm FL (female); max. published weight: 6,000 g (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 5 years (Ref. 27160)
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IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637&speccode=943
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Kromer, J.-L. 1994 Rio Grande de Buba: Bio-ecologie et parametres environnementaux. UICN/Ministere des peches de Guinee-Bissau. 119 p. (Ref. 27160)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27160&speccode=141
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Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Ref. 2683)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2683&speccode=7
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Diagnostic Description
Interpelvic process small and bifid. Body covered with small scales. Lateral line gradually curving down toward caudal peduncle. Intestine with 2 folds and 3 limbs. Swim bladder absent. Some large individuals with thin vertical bars. Anterior half of first dorsal fin and margin of posterior half of first fin black.
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Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=168&speccode=89
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Ecology
Habitat
Depth: 1 - 40m.
From 1 to 40 meters.
Habitat: pelagic.
From 1 to 40 meters.
Habitat: pelagic.
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Environment
pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 40 m (Ref. 28173), usually 20 - 25 m (Ref. 28173)
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Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683
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Diouf, T. 1980 Pêche et biologie de trois Scombridae exploités au Sénégal: Euthynnus alletteratus, Sarda sarda et Scomberomorus tritor. These de Doctorat 3ème cycle, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, France. 159 p. (Ref. 28173)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=28173&speccode=97
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Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
This is a pelagic, oceanodromous species that inhabits warm waters (Schneider 1990). It enters coastal lagoons and feeds on clupeids particularly Ethmalosa fimbriata (Fagade and Olaniyan 1973). It reproduces in July to August in Mauritania (Maigret and Ly 1986) and April to October in Senegal (Cayre et al. 1993); and February to September in Guinea-Bissau (Kromer et al. 1994).
Length at maturity at 50% was estimated in Senegal for males to be 33.1 cm fork length (FL) and 34.1 cm FL for females (Diouf 1996). In Guinea-Bissau, length at 50% maturity was 33.5 cm FL for females and 32.2 cm FL for males (Kromer et al. 1994).
Maximum Size is 100 cm FL. The all-tackle game fish record is of a 6 kg fish caught off Grand Bereby, Ivory Coast in 1998 (IGFA 2011).
Length at maturity at 50% was estimated in Senegal for males to be 33.1 cm fork length (FL) and 34.1 cm FL for females (Diouf 1996). In Guinea-Bissau, length at 50% maturity was 33.5 cm FL for females and 32.2 cm FL for males (Kromer et al. 1994).
Maximum Size is 100 cm FL. The all-tackle game fish record is of a 6 kg fish caught off Grand Bereby, Ivory Coast in 1998 (IGFA 2011).
Systems
- Marine
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IUCN
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Depth range based on 1 specimen in 1 taxon.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 30 - 30
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 30 - 30
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Migration
Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
LC
Least Concern
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2011
Assessor/s
Collette, B., Amorim, A.F., Boustany, A., Carpenter, K.E., de Oliveira Leite Jr., N., Di Natale, A., Fox, W., Fredou, F.L., Viera Hazin, F.H., Juan Jorda, M., Kada, O., Minte Vera, C., Miyabe, N., Nelson, R., Oxenford, H., Teixeira Lessa, R.P. & Pires Ferreira Travassos, P.E.
Reviewer/s
Russell, B. & Polidoro, B.
Contributor/s
Justification
This species is known from the eastern Atlantic, and is caught mainly with purse seines. Although catch landings are not regularly reported, there is no current indication of decline. This species is listed as Least Concern.
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
This species is taken throughout the Gulf of Guinea but catches are only reported from Ghana and Angola and range from 700 metric tonnes in 1978 to 4,412 metric tonnes in 1980, decreasing to 2,051 metric tonnes in 1981 (Collette and Nauen 1983). Reported worldwide landings range from a high of 5,060 tonnes in 1983 to 771 tonnes in 2005 (FAO 2009). However, these catch statistics are questionable because reporting is not consistent.
Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats
Least Concern (LC)
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Major Threats
This species is caught with mostly in purse seines. In the Mediterranean it is only incidentally caught by pelagic long lines.
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
There are no species-specific conservation measures. Better reporting, and more catch and effort information is needed for most species of small tunas in the Atlantic.
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: commercial
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1992 FAO yearbook 1990. Fishery statistics. Catches and landings. FAO Fish. Ser. (38). FAO Stat. Ser. 70:(105):647 p. (Ref. 4931)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4931&speccode=228
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Wikipedia
West African Spanish mackerel
The West African Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus tritor, is a species of fish in the family Scombridae. Specimens have been recorded at up to 100 cm in length, and weighing up to 6 kg. Coloration is bluish-green on the back fading to silvery on the sides marked with about 3 rows of vertically elongate orange spots. It is found in the eastern Atlantic, along the Atlantic coasts of Africa from Canary Islands and Senegal to the Gulf of Guinea and Baía dos Tigres, Angola. It is rarely found in the northern Mediterranean Sea, along the coasts of France and Italy. It forms school close to the shore. It feeds on small fishes, especially clupeoides like sardines and anchovies. S. tritor has been erroneously been considered as a synonym of S. maculatus by many authors.
References
- "Scomberomorus tritor". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=172439. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2009). "Scomberomorus tritor" in FishBase. June 2009 version.
- Scomberomorus tritor (Cuvier, 1832) Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas. Retrieved on 18 June 2009.
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