Aluterus scriptus — Details

Scrawled Filefish learn more about names for this taxon

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Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

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Inhabit lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Occasionally are seen under floating objects (Ref. 1602). Juveniles may travel with weed rafts in open ocean for a long time and reaching a large size. Adults are usually seen along deep coastal slopes or outer reef drop-offs in about 20 meters depth (Ref. 48637). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feed on algae, seagrass, hydrozoans, gorgonians, colonial anemones, and tunicates. Caught at the surface using a hand net (Ref. 26165).

Hutchins, J.B. 1986 Monacanthidae. p. 882-887. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4421) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4421&speccode=4275

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Description

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Common names: filefish (English), leatherjacket (English), lija (Espanol)

Aluterus scriptus (Osbeck, 1765)

Scrawled filefish, Scrawled leatherjacket

Body a very compressed elongated oval a long pointed snout, upper and lower profiles strongly concave; a small mouth that opens above center line; teeth moderately strong, six in outer row on top jaw and six or less on outer row on bottom jaw; gill opening a short slit on side before pectoral base; II dorsal spines, 1st long and slender, over eye, erectile, can be locked in position by small 2nd spine; dorsal II, 43-49; anal 43-49; pectoral 13-15; median fins rays unbranched; tail fin longer than snout, rounded, the back edge often ragged; tail base shorter than deep; scales minute, innumerable, equipped with small hairs, cover skin and give it a coarse texture like sand-paper; pelvic fins absent, no scales encasing area where pelvics should be; no patch of enlarged scales above pectoral base; lateral line inconspicuous.

Olive brown to grey with irregular blue spots and short lines and small black spots; pelagic juveniles may be brown with dark spots.

Size: grows to 110 cm.

Inhabits coral and rocky reefs, the young are sometimes seen around floating debris, at a considerable distance away from land; feeds on algae, hydrozoans, gorgonians, anemones, and tunicates.

Depth: 0-120 m.

Circumtropical distribution; southern Baja and the mouth of the Gulf of California to Ecuador, and all the oceanic islands.

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Distribution

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Circumtropical. Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil (Ref. 7251). Eastern Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121), Cape Verde and Ascension Island (Ref. 3592); São Tomé Island (Ref. 34088); South Africa (Ref. 4421). Pacific Ocean: southern Japan to the southern Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia and Easter Island (Ref. 37816). In the eastern Pacific, from the Gulf of California to Colombia (Ref. 9318).

Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2334&speccode=13770

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circumtropical; Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Azores Exclusive Economic Zone, Chagos, Djibouti, Gulf of Maine, Gulf of Mexico, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone, North West Atlantic, Red Sea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa (country)

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
Randall, J.E. (1992). Red Sea Reef Fishes. Immel Publishing. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6091
Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
Bock, K.R. (1996). Checklist of the reef fishes of Diani and Galu, Kenya. Journal of East African natural History 85: 5-22. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6357
Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145244
Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145245
Borges, P.A.V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Gonçalves, V., Martins, A.F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R.S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.) (2010). A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Princípia, Oeiras, 432 pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/ascidiacea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149079

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Circumglobal in tropical and subtpical seas (including Red Sea, Madagascar, Mascarenes, Hawaiian Islands).

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Tropical seas; northward to South Carolina on the Atlantic Coast of America. Has been found on Georges Bank as a stray.

Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder, W.C.,1953; Hutchins, J.B., 1986; Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994; Myers, R.F., 1991; Norman, J.R., 1939.

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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 0 (S) - 120 (S)

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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific

Global Endemism: All species, TEP non-endemic, Circumtropical ( Indian + Pacific + Atlantic Oceans), "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific), All Pacific (West + Central + East), East Pacific + Atlantic (East +/or West), Transisthmian (East Pacific + Atlantic of Central America), East Pacific + all Atlantic (East+West)

Regional Endemism: All species, Eastern Pacific non-endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic, Continent + Island (s), Continent, Island (s)

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap), Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos), Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo)

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Physical Description

Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 43 - 50; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 46 - 52

Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306

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Size

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Length max (cm): 110.0 (S)

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Size

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Maximum size: 1100 mm NG

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Max. size

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110 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710)); max. published weight: 2,500 g (Ref. 26340)

Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9710&speccode=13770
Claro, R. 1994 CaracterÃsticas generales de la ictiofauna. p. 55-70. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo. (Ref. 26340) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26340&speccode=14

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to 110 cm TL (male/unsexed); max.weight: 2,500.0 g.

Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder, W.C.,1953; Hutchins, J.B., 1986; Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994; Myers, R.F., 1991; Norman, J.R., 1939.

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Diagnostic Description

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Snout concave (Ref. 1602); olive brown to grey in color, juveniles may be yellowish brown with dark spots (Ref. 4421). Elongate, strongly compressed filefish; tan with blue lines and spots. Caudal fin rounded (Ref. 26938) and long (Ref. 13442). Gill opening oblique, pelvic terminus rudimentary or absent; body and head with scattered small black spots (Ref. 13442).

Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306

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Description

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Occurs in lagoons and on seaward reefs. Solitary, often in open water (Ref. 9710). Feeds on algae, seagrasses, hydrozoans, gorgonians, colonial anemones, and tunicates. Juveniles and occasionallly adults are seen under floating objects (Ref. 1602). Generally common (Ref. 9710).

Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909

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Ecology

Habitat

Environment

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reef-associated; marine; depth range 3 - 120 m (Ref. 36484), usually 3 - 20 m (Ref. 40849)

Willoughby, S., J.D. Neilson and C. Taylor 1999 The depth distribution of exploited reef fish populations off the south and west coasts of Barbados. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish Inst. 45:57-68. (Ref. 36484) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36484&speccode=1935
Gasparini, J.L. and S.R. Floeter 2001 The shore fishes of Trindade Island, western South Atlantic. J. Nat. Hist. 35:1639-1656. (Ref. 40849) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40849&speccode=92

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benthic

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs.

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Known from seamounts and knolls

Stocks, K. 2009. Seamounts Online: an online information system for seamount biology. Version 2009-1. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145453

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Depth range based on 83 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 57 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0 - 380
  Temperature range (°C): 11.047 - 28.954
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.099 - 3.148
  Salinity (PPS): 32.507 - 36.808
  Oxygen (ml/l): 4.005 - 6.429
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.076 - 0.543
  Silicate (umol/l): 0.866 - 7.439

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0 - 380

Temperature range (°C): 11.047 - 28.954

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.099 - 3.148

Salinity (PPS): 32.507 - 36.808

Oxygen (ml/l): 4.005 - 6.429

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.076 - 0.543

Silicate (umol/l): 0.866 - 7.439

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

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Depth: 2 - 80m.
From 2 to 80 meters.

Habitat: reef-associated. Scribbled leatherjacket. (Osbeck, 1765) Attains 1 metre. Worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas, south to Knysna. Colour variable; olive, brown or grey with numerous blue lines and spots. Normally alone, often in open water. Feeds on a wide variety of benthic life, including algae, seagrasses, hydrozoans (such as stinging corals), fire corals (Millepora), gorgonians, colonial anemones and tunicates. Changes its colour to match and blend in with its surroundings. PA

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Reef-associated; marine; depth range; 4-120 m. Inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs. Occasionally are seen under floating objects.

Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder, W.C.,1953; Hutchins, J.B., 1986; Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994; Myers, R.F., 1991; Norman, J.R., 1939.

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Salinity: Marine, Brackish

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Bottom, Bottom only

Habitat: Reef (rock &/or coral), Reef only, Rocks, Corals, Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom), Flotsam

FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated

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Trophic Strategy

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Inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Occasionally are seen under floating objects (Ref. 1602). Feeds on algae, seagrass, hydrozoans, gorgonians, colonial anemones, and tunicates. Feeds on benthic invertebrates and plants (Ref. 33). Omnivore (Ref. 57615, 57616).

Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33

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Feeds on algae, seagrass, hydrozoans, gorgonians, colonial anemones, and tunicates.

Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder, W.C.,1953; Hutchins, J.B., 1986; Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994; Myers, R.F., 1991; Norman, J.R., 1939.

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Feeding

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Feeding Group: Omnivore

Diet: benthic microalgae, sponges/seasquirts/bryozoa, soft corals/hydroids

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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

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no information.

Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder, W.C.,1953; Hutchins, J.B., 1986; Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994; Myers, R.F., 1991; Norman, J.R., 1939.

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Egg Type: Benthic, Pelagic larva

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Aluterus scriptus

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The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 6 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

ACCCGTTGACTCTTTTCAACCAATCACAAAGACATCGGCACCCTTTATATGATTTTCGGTGCCTGAGCCGGAATAGTAGGAACTGCTTTA---AGCCTACTTATTCGAGCAGAACTAAGCCAGCCCGGCGCCCTCCTTGGAGAC---GACCAAATTTATAACGTAATCGTGACAGCCCACGCTTTCGTAATGATTTTCTTTATAGTAATGCCAATCATGATCGGGGGCTTTGGAAACTGACTTATCCCCCTAATG---ATCGGTGCCCCTGACATAGCATTCCCTCGCATGAATAACATGAGCTTCTGACTGCTCCCGCCCTCCTTCCTGCTGCTCCTTGCGTCTTCAGGGGTCGAAGCTGGGGCCGGAACAGGATGGACTGTCTACCCCCCTCTAGCAGGCAACCTCGCCCATGCAGGAGCGTCTGTAGACCTG---ACAATTTTCTCTCTGCACCTAGCAGGCATTTCTTCAATCTTGGGTGCAATCAATTTTATTACAACAATCATTAACATAAAACCCCCTGCTATCTCCCAATACCAGACCCCACTATTTGTGTGAGCTGTCTTAATTACAGCCGTCCTTCTCCTCCTCTCCCTGCCAGTACTCGCCGCA---GGCATTACAATGCTTCTAACCGACCGCAATCTTAACACCACCTTCTTTGACCCTGCCGGGGGAGGAGACCCCATCTTATACCAGCACCTATTTTGATTCTTCGGCCACCCCGAAGTCTACATTCTAATTCTCCCAGGGTTCGGAATGATCTCACACATTGTAGCCTACTATTCAGGTAAAAAA---GAACCTTTCGGCTACATGGGCATGGTGTGAGCAATGATAGCAATCGGGCTGCTCGGATTCATCGTCTGAGCCCACCACATGTTTACAGTCGGCATGGACGTTGACACACGGGCCTACTTTACTTCCGCCACTATAATCATCGCCATCCCGACAGGCGTTAAAGTATTTAGCTGGCTC---GCCACACTCCACGGAGGG---GCCATCAAATGAGAAACCCCACTACTTTGAGCCCTTGGTTTCATTTTCTTATTCACAGTAGGAGGTCTGACAGGGATTGTCCTGGCCAATTCCTCACTCGACATCGTCCTTCATGACACATACTACGTGGTTGCACACTTCCACTATGTA---CTATCAATGGGCGCCGTTTTCGCCATCGTAGCTGCATTCGTTCACTGATTCCCACTATTCTCAGGTTACACCCTCCACGACACATGAACAAAAATCCACTTCGGAGTGATGTTCGCAGGAGTAAACTTAACCTTCTTCCCCCAACATTTCCTCGGCCTCGCTGGTATGCCACGG---CGTTATTCGGACTACCCCGACGCCTACACT---CTTTGAAACACAGTATCCTCCATTGGTTCTCTAATCTCACTTGTCGCCGTTATTATGTTCCTGTTCATTATTTGAGAAGCATTCGCAGCTAAACGAGAAGTC---CTATCCGTAGAACTAACCTCTACAAAC
-- end --

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Aluterus scriptus

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 7
Specimens with Barcodes: 25
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed

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Threats

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Not Evaluated

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial

Miyasaka, A. 1993 A database on scientific and common names of fishes exported from Hawaii. The information was derived from the above mentioned database. A printout of the names is also available from the State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Honolulu, Hawaii. (Ref. 5358) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5358&speccode=4306
International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4699&speccode=2590

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Wikipedia

Scrawled filefish

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It has been suggested that Aluterus scriptus be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since May 2013.

The scrawled filefish, Aluterus scriptus, is a filefish of the family Monacanthidae. Its length is up to 1.1 m, and it is found on tropical reefs circumglobally to a depth of 120 m.

Mature specimen at Honolulu Harbor
at Kona
At Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan

References [edit]

Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2007). "Aluterus Aluterus" in FishBase. April 2007 version.

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