Oceanic and mesopelagic, found in the upper 100 m south of 50°S, but below 550 m in the region of Subtropical Convergence (Ref. 4066). Migrates from 80 to 140 m to the surface at about 18h00 with ascent rate of 0.5 m per minute; the descent rate is 1.8 m per minute. Forms the main component of the Deep Scattering Layer in the Pacific sector. Feeds on copepods, hyperiids and euphausiids, but also takes ostracods and gastropods. Eaten by squid and to an insignificant degree, by fishes (Channichthyidae, Notolepis sp.) and birds (Procellariidae). Maximum depth from Ref. 58018.

Circumglobal between the Subtropical Convergence and Antarctic Polar Front.

New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone

Southern circumglobal.

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 15; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 18 - 20

Maximum size: 90 mm SL

9.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5182)); 9.6 cm SL (female); max. published weight: 12.1 g (Ref. 5182); max. published weight: 14.6 g; max. reported age: 6 years (Ref. 31516)

bathypelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 100 - 350 m (Ref. 4066)

Known from seamounts and knolls

Depth range based on 94 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 90 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0 - 25878
  Temperature range (°C): -0.626 - 14.216
  Nitrate (umol/L): 15.280 - 43.853
  Salinity (PPS): 33.795 - 34.766
  Oxygen (ml/l): 0.341 - 7.750
  Phosphate (umol/l): 1.195 - 3.188
  Silicate (umol/l): 5.468 - 121.173

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0 - 25878

Temperature range (°C): -0.626 - 14.216

Nitrate (umol/L): 15.280 - 43.853

Salinity (PPS): 33.795 - 34.766

Oxygen (ml/l): 0.341 - 7.750

Phosphate (umol/l): 1.195 - 3.188

Silicate (umol/l): 5.468 - 121.173
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.

Oceanic and mesopelagic, found in the upper 100 m south of 50°S, but below 550 m in the region of Subtropical Convergence (Ref. 4066). Feeds on copepods, hyperiids and euphausiids, but also takes ostracods and gasteropods.

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.


There are 8 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.  Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.  See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.


Download FASTA File

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 7
Specimens with Barcodes: 14
Species With Barcodes: 1

Not Evaluated