Overview
Brief Summary
Sang Spektakuler "Amphiprion clarkii"
Clownfish Clarkii atau Amphiprion clarkii adalah ikan nemo yang memiliki distribusi yang luas. Ikan ini dapat ditemukan di perairan tropis, laguna dan di lereng terumbu. Amphiprion clarkii merupakan ikan yang memiliki warna-warni yang menarik, dengan garis-garis hitam, putih dan kuning cerah, pola warna ini menunjukkan variasi geografis yang cukup besar, namun umumnya pada tubuh ikan ini ada dua garis putih, satu di belakang mata dan satu di atas anus. Jenis ikan Badut ini memiliki tubuh yang kuning-oranye dengan garis-garis putih vertikal di sepanjang tubuh mereka. Sirip ekor berwarna putih atau kuning, namun warnanya selalu lebih halus dari warna tubuhnya.
Amphiprion clarkii merupakan spesies ikan akuarium yang cukup terkenal. Ikan ini adalah jenis ikan omnivora. Mereka umunya menjadi tuan rumah dalam anemon laut. Ikan badut ini tidak begitu memerlukan Anemone untuk bertahan hidup, tetapi mereka mudah dan akan menerima berbagai jenis anemone berbeda untuk di tinggali, termasuk karang. Amphiprion clarkii umum ditemukan berenang di antara tentakel Anemon baik besar dan kecil, maupun di terumbu karang yang spektakuler.Ikan ini jarang ditemukan di laut dalam, karena biasanya habitat tinggalnya yang berupa anemone dan karang berada di perairan dangkal dengan penetrasi cahaya yang cukup sebagai bahan dasar fotosintesis zooxanthellae.
Ikan Amphiprion clarkii memproduksi lendir pelindung yang menutupi tubuh mereka untuk mencegah sengatan dari Anemon. Produksi lender ini dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara: pertama ikan menyerap lendir dari Anemones itu sendiri, yang mereka gunakan untuk melindungi tubuhnya agar tidak menyengat tubuh sendiri, atau mereka menghasilkan lendir sendiri yang reaktif terhadap sengatan anemon. Amphiprion clarkii memiliki gerakan renang yang sangat berbeda yang berbeda dari kebanyakan ikan. Hal ini mungkin diturunkan melalui susunan genetik mereka. Ikan Butterflyfish merupakan predator dari ikan Amphiprion clarkii. Ikan ini bersifat hermafrodit. Ikan ini memiliki hierarki sosial yang ketat. Di alam bebas ikan ini hidup dalam kelompok kecil dengan satu perempuan yang dominan besar, satu laki-laki yang aktif secara seksual lebih kecil, dan beberapa laki-laki lebih kecil dan remaja. Ketika perempuan itu hilang, maka jantan terbesar akan berubah kelamin dan menjadi perempuan.
Amphiprion clarkii sering melakukan tugas bersih-bersih pada tubuh anemon yaitu dengan cara memunguti remah-remah makanan atau kotoran lainnya sehingga tubuh anemon bisa terbebas dari berbagai jenis parasit, dan ikan ini sering membawakan makanan bagi anemon.
Unreviewed
Comprehensive Description
Biology
-
Allen, G.R. 1991 Damselfishes of the world. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. 271 p. (Ref. 7247)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7247&speccode=11793
Trusted
Distribution
-
Allen, G.R. 1991 Damselfishes of the world. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. 271 p. (Ref. 7247)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7247&speccode=11793
Trusted
-
Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
-
Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
Trusted
Physical Description
Morphology
-
Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306
Trusted
Size
Max. size
-
Anderson, C. and A. Hafiz 1987 Common reef fishes of the Maldives. Part 1. Novelty Press, Republic of Maldives. 83 p. (Ref. 6113)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6113&speccode=5448
-
Moyer, J.T. 1986 Longevity of the anemonefish Amphiprion clarkii at Miyake-jima, Japan with notes on four other species. Copeia 1986(1):135-139. (Ref. 11318)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11318&speccode=5448
Trusted
Diagnostic Description
-
Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306
Trusted
Description
-
Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
Trusted
Ecology
Habitat
Environment
-
Broad, G. 2003 Fishes of the Philippines. Anvil Publishing, Inc., pasi City. 510 pp. (Ref. 58652)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58652&speccode=4745
Trusted
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 28 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.305 - 50.8
Temperature range (°C): 24.872 - 28.954
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.016 - 1.118
Salinity (PPS): 32.185 - 35.361
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.202 - 4.725
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.073 - 0.337
Silicate (umol/l): 0.869 - 5.552
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.305 - 50.8
Temperature range (°C): 24.872 - 28.954
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.016 - 1.118
Salinity (PPS): 32.185 - 35.361
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.202 - 4.725
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.073 - 0.337
Silicate (umol/l): 0.869 - 5.552
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Trusted
From 1 to 55 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated.
Trusted
Trophic Strategy
-
Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose 1984 Food habits of teleostean reef fishes in Okinawa Island, southern Japan. University of Tokyo Bulletin, no. 25. v,128p. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan. 128 p.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6110
Trusted
Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
-
Moyer, J.T. and A. Nakazono 1978 Protandrous hermaphroditism in six species of the anemonefish genus Amphiprion in Japan. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 25(2):101-106. (Ref. 32166)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=32166&speccode=5448
Trusted
Life Expectancy
Lifespan, longevity, and ageing
Trusted
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Amphiprion clarkii
There are 3 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
-- end --
Download FASTA File
Trusted
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Amphiprion clarkii
Public Records: 4
Specimens with Barcodes: 11
Species With Barcodes: 1
Trusted
Trusted
Conservation
Threats
-
IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
Trusted
Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
-
Baensch, H.A. 1992 Neue Meerwasser-Praxis. Tetra Verlag, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 7309)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7309&speccode=944
Trusted
Wikipedia
Clark's anemonefish
Amphiprion clarkii, known also as Clark's anemonefish or Yellowtail clownfish, is a Marine fish belonging to the family Pomacentridae which gathers clownfishes and damselfishes[1].
Contents |
Description [edit]
Clark's Anemonefish is a small sized fish which grows up to 15cm. Its body has a stock appearance, oval shape, compressed laterally and with a round profile. It's a spectacularly colourful fish, with vivid black, white and yellow stripes, though the exact pattern shows considerable geographical variation. Usualy the body coloration is black on the dorsal area and orangey yellow on the ventral area and the black colour's proportion varies according to the animals and tends to extend with the age[2]. There are normally two vertical white bands, one behind the eye and one above the anus,the pelvic and caudal fin are orangey yellow,a white ring on the caudal peduncle. The snout is orange or orangey pink[3]. The tail fin may be white or yellow, but is always lighter than rest of the body[4]. All juveniles are orangey yellow with the caractéristics vertical white bands[5].
Distribution [edit]
Clark's anemonefish is a widely distributed in the tropical waters from the Indian Ocean to the western part of teh Pacific Ocean[6].
Habitat [edit]
Adults inhabit in lagoons and on outer reef slopes. It's able to live in association with the ten species of sea anemones which are hosting clownfishes:
- Cryptodendrum adhaesivum,
- Entacmaea quadricolor,
- Heteractis aurora,
- Heteractis crispa,
- Heteractis magnifica,
- Heteractis malu,
- Macrodactyla doreensis,
- Stychodactyla gigantea,
- Stychodactyla haddoni,
- Stychodactyla mertensii[7].
Feeding [edit]
Clark's anemonefish is omnivorous and its diet is based on zooplankton and algaes.[8] Clarke's Anemonefish are a popular aquarium species. They are omnivorous, and in the aquarium will readily eat brine shrimp.
Behaviour [edit]
Amphiprion clarkii has a diurnal activity. It is protrandous hermaphrodite, which means the male can evolved to female during his life, and lives in harem in which an established dominance hierarchy manages the group and keeps individuals at a specific social rank. It has also an aggressive territorial behaviour and it's completly dependant from its sea anemone which represents its "life insurance" as a safe shelter for the group and for the nest. The associative relationship that binds the clownfish and the sea anemone is called mutualism.In one hand, the fish can lives within the sea anemone's tentacles and uses it as a shelter because it has developped a fin layer of mucus which covers its body as a protection against the stinging anemone's tentacles. On the other hand, the presence of the clownfish can be interpreted as a lure to attract potential anemone's preys close to the tentacles. And the clownfish can also defend the anemone against some reef fishes which could eat the tentacles like butterflyfishes.[9]
References [edit]
- ^ http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=212783
- ^ http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Amphiprion_clarkii/#physical_description
- ^ http://fran.cornu.free.fr/affichage/affichage_nom.php?id_espece=983
- ^ http://eol.org/pages/204813/details
- ^ http://fran.cornu.free.fr/affichage/affichage_nom.php?id_espece=983
- ^ http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Amphiprion_clarkii/#physical_description
- ^ http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Amphiprion_clarkii/#physical_description
- ^ http://eol.org/pages/204813/details
- ^ http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Amphiprion_clarkii/#physical_description
Unreviewed
Disclaimer
EOL content is automatically assembled from many different content providers. As a result, from time to time you may find pages on EOL that are confusing.
To request an improvement, please leave a comment on the page. Thank you!



