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Overview
Brief Summary
The grey gurnard is the most common species of gurnard in the North Sea. In the summer, they stay in massive numbers in the shallow southern North Sea. When it gets colder, they move to warmer water. The grey gurnard is a benthic inhabitant and is often caught as by-catch with other benthic fish (plaice, sole). The grey gurnard itself has hardly any commercial value.
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Comprehensive Description
Biology
Common on sandy grounds, sometimes on rocky bottoms, and also on mud between coastline to 140 m depth. Up to depth of 340 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feeds on crustaceans, mostly shrimps and shore crabs; fishes, mostly gobies, flatfish, young herring and sand eels. Makes croaking sounds (Ref. 9987). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten fried and baked (Ref. 9987).
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Bauchot, M.-L. 1987 Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3397&speccode=2504
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Description
Eutrigla gurnardus is a large member of the sea robin family reaching up to 30 cm (and rarely up to 50 cm) in length. It has a large head with a sloping forehead and a body that tapers towards the tail. Two dorsal fins are present on the back. The first, which is much smaller than the second has 7-10 spines and large black mark near the top. The second dorsal fin and its symmetrical anal fin counterpart both have 18-20 rays. The pectoral fins are short and barely reach the anal fin. The caudal fin is short and truncate. The grey gurnard is usually greyish-brown in colour with a red tinge on the back and sides. Small white spots are usually present on the sides and the underside is cream in colour.
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Description
The grey gurnard is a relatively slender bodied gurnard with a sharply pointed snout. Like all gurnards it has a large head covered by protective bony plates and the lower three rays of the pectoral fins are separate and fleshy. Adult fish are usually around 30cm long but large individuals can be up to 45cm. The scales along the lateral line are sharply spined, although this is most conspicuous in small fish. The colour ranges from grey to greyish-brown with small whitish-cream spots and there is a characteristic dark blotch on the rear edge of the first dorsal fin. Greyish coloured tub gurnards might sometimes be confused with this species however grey gurnards have a dark spot on the first dorsal fin and do not have blue markings on their pectoral fins.
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Distribution
Western Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland to Morocco including Madeira.
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Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone, Black Sea, British Isles, Greek Exclusive Economic Zone, Irish Exclusive economic Zone, Oosterschelde, Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone, Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone, United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone, Zeeschelde
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Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1
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Hamerlynck, O.; Hostens, K. (1994). Changes in the fish fauna of the Oosterschelde estuary: a ten-year time series of fyke catches. Hydrobiologia 282-283: 497-507
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1143
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ILVO epifauna en demersale visdata: epifauna en demersale vismonitoring op het Belgisch deel van de Noordzee sinds 1979
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=132964
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Van Damme, P.A.; Hostens, K.; Ollevier, F.P. (1994). Fish species of the lower Zeeschelde (Belgium): a comparison with historical checklists. Belg. J. Zool. 124(2): 93-103
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=132986
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Cattrijsse, A.; Vincx, M. (2001). Biodiversity of the benthos and the avifauna of the Belgian coastal waters: summary of data collected between 1970 and 1998. Sustainable Management of the North Sea. Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs: Brussel, Belgium. 48 pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/mollusca/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=61
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MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0.
http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149081
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Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011). Species.ie version 1.0 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (version of 15 March 2010).
http://www.marinespecies.org/ascidiacea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149068
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Ramos, M. (ed.). 2010. IBERFAUNA. The Iberian Fauna Databank
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149024
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A.Boltachev & E. Karpova, IBSS NAS Ukraine
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149025
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Koukouras, Athanasios. (2010). Check-list of marine species from Greece. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Assembled in the framework of the EU FP7 PESI project.
http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=142068
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World Register of Marine Species
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Eastern Atlantic: Norway to Morocco, Madeira, and Iceland. Also known from the Mediterranean and Black Sea (Ref. 4697).
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Blanc, M. and J.-C. Hureau 1979 Triglidae. p. 586-590. In J.C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM I). UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 2723)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2723&speccode=68
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Western Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland to Morocco including Madeira.
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The grey gurnard is widespread all around the coasts of Britain and Ireland.
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Physical Description
Size
Max. size
60.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397)); max. published weight: 956 g (Ref. 41256)
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Bauchot, M.-L. 1987 Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3397&speccode=2504
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Sportfiskarna.se 2002 knot = Chelidonichthys gurnadus. Swedish sportfishing records: http://www.sportfiskarna.com/. (Ref. 41256)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41256&speccode=68
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Diagnostic Description
Head large without deep occipital groove. Vertebrae 37-39 (11-13 precaudal and 25-27 caudal).
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Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) 1987 Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. (Révision 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de Pêche 37. FAO, Rome. 1529 p.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=231
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Ecology
Habitat
Depth: 20 - 300m.
From 20 to 300 meters.
From 20 to 300 meters.
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Environment
demersal; brackish; marine; depth range 10 - 340 m (Ref. 56504), usually 10 - 150 m (Ref. 35388)
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Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35388&speccode=37
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Mytilineou, C., C.-Y. Politou, C. Papaconstantinou, S. Kavadas, G. D'Onghia and L. Sion 2005 Deep-water fish fauna in the Eastern Ionian Sea. Belg. J. Zool., 135(2):229-233. (Ref. 56504)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=56504&speccode=20
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Depth range based on 210852 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 158798 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): -9 - 749
Temperature range (°C): 4.502 - 12.499
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.402 - 16.868
Salinity (PPS): 8.860 - 35.608
Oxygen (ml/l): 5.262 - 7.118
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.247 - 0.997
Silicate (umol/l): 0.987 - 16.024
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): -9 - 749
Temperature range (°C): 4.502 - 12.499
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.402 - 16.868
Salinity (PPS): 8.860 - 35.608
Oxygen (ml/l): 5.262 - 7.118
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.247 - 0.997
Silicate (umol/l): 0.987 - 16.024
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 158798 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): -9 - 749
Temperature range (°C): 4.502 - 12.499
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.402 - 16.868
Salinity (PPS): 8.860 - 35.608
Oxygen (ml/l): 5.262 - 7.118
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.247 - 0.997
Silicate (umol/l): 0.987 - 16.024
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): -9 - 749
Temperature range (°C): 4.502 - 12.499
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.402 - 16.868
Salinity (PPS): 8.860 - 35.608
Oxygen (ml/l): 5.262 - 7.118
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.247 - 0.997
Silicate (umol/l): 0.987 - 16.024
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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The grey gurnard is a coastal demersal species usually found on sandy bottoms down to 140 m depth but also on rocky or muddy seabeds.
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Depth: 20 - 300m.
From 20 to 300 meters.
Habitat: demersal.
From 20 to 300 meters.
Habitat: demersal.
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This species is usually found on muddy or sandy seabeds or in areas of mixed sediment and rock. It is most frequently encountered at depths between 20-50m although it is known to occur from 10-200m. The diet consists of bottom-living crustaceans and small fish.
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Trophic Strategy
General migration towards the shore during summer, where it can enter estuaries.
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Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) 1987 Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. (Révision 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de Pêche 37. FAO, Rome. 1529 p.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=231
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
The young are pelagic until attaining a length of 3 cm.
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Hureau, J.-C. 1986 Triglidae. p. 1230-1238. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. (Ref. 4697)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4697&speccode=44
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Eutrigla gurnardus
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
No available public DNA sequences.
Download FASTA File
No available public DNA sequences.
Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Eutrigla gurnardus
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 3
Specimens with Barcodes: 29
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 3
Specimens with Barcodes: 29
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Threats
Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: commercial
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1992 FAO yearbook 1990. Fishery statistics. Catches and landings. FAO Fish. Ser. (38). FAO Stat. Ser. 70:(105):647 p. (Ref. 4931)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4931&speccode=228
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Wikipedia
Grey gurnard
Eutrigla gurnardus, the grey gurnard, is a species of searobin native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. This fish can be found at depths of from 10 to 340 metres (33 to 1,120 ft) though it is not normally found below 150 metres (490 ft). This species grows to a length of 60 centimetres (24 in) TL though usually reaching up to 30 centimetres (12 in) TL. This species is of commercial importance as a food fish. This species is the only known member of its genus.[1]
See also
References
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2012). "Eutrigla gurnardus" in FishBase. December 2012 version.
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