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Apolemichthys trimaculatus — Details

Threespot Angelfish learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

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Inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 9710); found near coral (Ref. 5953). Feeds mainly on sponges and tunicates (Ref. 1602). Juveniles secretive and occur below 25 m (Ref. 37816). Adults in small but loose groups at moderate depths (Ref. 48636). Frequently exported through the aquarium trade (Ref. 48391).

Pyle, R. 2001 Pomacanthidae: Angelfishes. p. 3266-3286. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. (Ref. 48391) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48391&speccode=5457

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Distribution

Range Description

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This species is very widely distributed throughout the Indian Ocean and the tropical western Pacific Ocean (Pyle 2001). It has been recorded from Mozambique and Tanzania in the west, to Samoa in the east, and from southern Japan in the north of its range to New Caledonia and northern Australia in the south. It is found at depths of 10 to 80 m.

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Distribution

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Aldabra, Cargados Carajos, Chagos, East Africa, Mauritius, Mozambique, Reunion, Rodriguez, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa (country), Tanzania

Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
Smith, J.L.B. & M.M. Smith (1963). The fishes of Seychelles. Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University. Grahamstown. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5926
Smith, J.L.B. (1955). The Fishes of the Family Pomacanthidae in the Western Indian Ocean. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12(8): 377-384. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6034

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Indo-West Pacific: East Africa south to 28°S (Ref. 33390) and east to Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Australia.

Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2334&speccode=13770

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Physical Description

Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 18; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 17 - 19

Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306

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Size

Max. size

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26.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 48636))

Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka 2001 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 2. Fusiliers - Dragonets, Caesionidae - Callionymidae. Zoonetics, Australia. 304-622 p. (Ref. 48636) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48636&speccode=25049

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Diagnostic Description

Description

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Inhabits coral or rocky reefs. Feeds mainly on sponges and tunicates (Ref. 1602).

Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909

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Body short and deep, and strongly compressed. Preorbital bone convex and without strong spines. Overall color is bright yellow with a broad black band on the edge of the anal fin and a broad white zone above it. A black spot is on the forehead and a ocellated dark spot just behind the head; the lips are blue. Juveniles have a false eye-spot at the base of the soft dorsal fin and a thin black line over the head, running through the eye (Ref. 48636).

Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology

Inhabits outer coral reef slopes and drop-offs at depths of 10 to 80 m, where it occurs as solitary animals in pairs, or in small loose groups (Pyle 2001). It is most likely encountered on outer reef drop-offs due to its preference for steep slopes (G.R. Allen pers. comm. 2006). Juveniles secretive and occur below 25 m (Myers 1991). This species feeds on sponges and tunicates (Pyle 2001).

Systems

Marine

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Environment

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reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 3 - 60 m (Ref. 47838)

Allen, G.R., R. Steene and M. Allen 1998 A guide to angelfishes and butterflyfishes. Odyssey Publishing/Tropical Reef Research. 250 p. (Ref. 47838) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47838&speccode=14300

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Depth range based on 60 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 58 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 3 - 100
  Temperature range (°C): 23.476 - 28.899
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.146 - 4.152
  Salinity (PPS): 34.165 - 35.185
  Oxygen (ml/l): 3.927 - 4.701
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.100 - 0.508
  Silicate (umol/l): 1.089 - 7.598

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 3 - 100

Temperature range (°C): 23.476 - 28.899

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.146 - 4.152

Salinity (PPS): 34.165 - 35.185

Oxygen (ml/l): 3.927 - 4.701

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.100 - 0.508

Silicate (umol/l): 1.089 - 7.598

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

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Source: Ocean Biogeographic Information System

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Trophic Strategy

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Occur inshore (Ref. 75154). Inhabit lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 9710); found near coral (Ref. 5953). Feed mainly on sponges and tunicates (Ref. 1602). Juveniles secretive and occur below 25 m (Ref. 37816).

Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=4306

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Apolemichthys trimaculatus

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The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 9 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

TZAIB323-06|HLC-12340|Apolemichthys trimaculatus| ------------------------------------------CTCTATTTATTATTCGGTGCTTGAGCTGGAATGGTAGGTACAGCTTTA---AGCCTACTAATTCGAGCTGAACTAAATCAGCCAGGCAGCCTCCTTGGGGAC---GACCAAATCTACAATGTTATCGTCACAGCACATGCATTCGTAATAATTTTTTTTATAGTAATACCAGCTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAACTGACTAGTTCCCCTAATA---ATTGGAGCCCCTGACATAGCATTCCCCCGAATGAATAACATAAGCTTCTGACTCCTTCCGCCCTCCCTCCTACTCCTCCTAGCTTCTGCTGGAGTAGAAGCCGGGGCCGGAACCGGATGAACAGTATACCCCCCTCTAGCTGGCAACTTGGCCCATGCAGGCGCATCAGTAGACCTA---ACCATCTTCTCCCTTCATTTAGCGGGAGTTTCCTCAATTCTAGGGGCCATTAATTTTATCACCACTATTATTAACATGAAACCCCCTGCTATCTCTCAGTATCAAACACCACTATTCGTCTGAGCAGTATTAATTACCGCAGTCCTACTACTTCTTTCCCTCCCAGTCCTTGCTGCA---GGAATTACAATGCTCCTTACGGACCGAAACCTAAATACCACCTTCTTTGACCCTGCAGGAGGAGGAGACCCAATTCTTTACCAACACTTA-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --

Download FASTA File

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Apolemichthys trimaculatus

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 9
Species: 12
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category

LC

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2010

Assessor/s

Pyle, R., Myers, R., Rocha, L.A. & Craig, M.T.

Reviewer/s

Elfes, C., Polidoro, B., Livingstone, S. & Carpenter, K.E.

Contributor/s

Justification

Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population and no apparent major threats.

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Trends

Population

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Population

It is generally common with stable populations.

Population Trend

Stable

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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats

There appear to be no major threats to this species. Collection is limited and is not considered to be impacting the global population.

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Least Concern (LC)

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions

There appear to be no species-specific conservation measures in place. It occurs in some marine protected areas.

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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial

Edwards, A.J. and A.D. Shepherd 1992 Environmental implications of aquarium-fish collection in the Maldives, with proposals for regulation. Environ. Conserv. 19:61-72. (Ref. 4907) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4907&speccode=1258

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