Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Abundant on reef tops and in shallow rocky areas. Found to depths of at least 25 m (Ref. 26938). Also found in Sargassum beds (Ref. 9626). Solitary and wary and can be difficult to approach (Ref. 26938). The tricolored pattern of the initial phase is similar to that of the juveniles of the yellowmouth grouper, Mycteroperca interstitialis, an aggressive mimic (Ref. 43465). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Generally of no interest to fisheries because of its small average size (Ref. 5217).
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Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&speccode=942
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Distribution
Range Description
This species is endemic to the Western Atlantic from North Carolina, USA and Bermuda to Trinidad and Tobago.
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Distribution
Gulf of Mexico
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Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145245
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Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and Bermuda to Brazil.
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Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&speccode=942
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 11
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Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&speccode=4257
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Size
Max. size
18.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251))
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Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&speccode=942
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Diagnostic Description
Wide black stripe through eye to base of tail, bordered above by prominent gold line. Large black spot on mid-side. Large black spot on mid-side above origin of anal fin (Ref. 26938). Three transverse red bands on top of head; large adult males become primarily rose and green, lose the dark lateral stripe, gain a prominent black spot on mid-side, and have a larger black spot in the spinous portion of the dorsal fin (Ref. 13442).
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Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&speccode=4257
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
This species is reef associated and is found from 1-30 m. It is abundant on reef tops and in shallow rocky areas. It is also found in Sargassum beds in Venezuela (Cervigon 1993).
The tricolored pattern of the initial phase is similar to that of the juveniles of the yellowmouth grouper, Mycteroperca interstitialis, an aggressive mimic (Sazima 2002). It is a protogynous hermaphrodite (Allsop and West 2003). It is generally of no interest to fisheries because of its small average size (Cervigón et al. 1992). It forms leks during breeding (Allsop and West 2003). Length at sex change = 10.9 cm TL (Allsop and West 2003).
The tricolored pattern of the initial phase is similar to that of the juveniles of the yellowmouth grouper, Mycteroperca interstitialis, an aggressive mimic (Sazima 2002). It is a protogynous hermaphrodite (Allsop and West 2003). It is generally of no interest to fisheries because of its small average size (Cervigón et al. 1992). It forms leks during breeding (Allsop and West 2003). Length at sex change = 10.9 cm TL (Allsop and West 2003).
Systems
- Marine
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Depth range based on 63 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 55 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.3 - 110
Temperature range (°C): 21.188 - 28.503
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.174 - 6.112
Salinity (PPS): 34.217 - 36.993
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.953 - 4.687
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.006 - 0.463
Silicate (umol/l): 0.993 - 3.684
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.3 - 110
Temperature range (°C): 21.188 - 28.503
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.174 - 6.112
Salinity (PPS): 34.217 - 36.993
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.953 - 4.687
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.006 - 0.463
Silicate (umol/l): 0.993 - 3.684
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 55 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.3 - 110
Temperature range (°C): 21.188 - 28.503
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.174 - 6.112
Salinity (PPS): 34.217 - 36.993
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.953 - 4.687
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.006 - 0.463
Silicate (umol/l): 0.993 - 3.684
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.3 - 110
Temperature range (°C): 21.188 - 28.503
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.174 - 6.112
Salinity (PPS): 34.217 - 36.993
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.953 - 4.687
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.006 - 0.463
Silicate (umol/l): 0.993 - 3.684
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 2 - 24m.
From 2 to 24 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated.
From 2 to 24 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated.
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Environment
reef-associated; marine; depth range 2 - 24 m (Ref. 9710)
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Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9710&speccode=13770
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Trophic Strategy
Abundant on reef tops and in shallow rocky areas. Found to depths of at least 25 m (Ref. 26938). Also found in Sargassum beds (Ref. 9626). Solitary and wary and can be difficult to approach (Ref. 26938). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 57616).
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Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Diandric. Forms leks during breeding (Ref. 55367). Length at sex change = 10.9 cm TL (Ref. 55367).
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García-Cagide, A., R. Claro and B.V. Koshelev 1994 Reproducción. p. 187-262. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Inst. Oceanol. Acad. Cienc. Cuba. and Cen. Invest. Quintana Roo (CIQRO) México. (Ref. 26409)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26409&speccode=1067
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Halichoeres maculipinna
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 4 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
Download FASTA File
There are 4 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
LIDM893-07|n7527ahm200|Halichoeres maculipinna| ------------------------------------------CTTTATCTAGTATTCGGAGCCTGAGCCGGGATAGTAGGCACAGCTCTC---AGCCTACTCATTCGGGCTGAACTAAGCCAACCCGGCGCCCTCCTCGGTGAT---GATCAAATTTATAATGTAATCGTCACAGCCCATGCCTTCGTAATGATTTTCTTTATAGTAATACCAATCATGATTGGAGGGTTTGGAAACTGACTGATTCCACTAATG---ATTGGGGCACCTGATATGGCTTTCCCTCGAATAAACAACATAAGCTTTTGACTCCTTCCACCTTCCTTTCTTCTGCTTCTTGCCTCTTCAGGGGTTGAAGCGGGAGCCGGAACTGGTTGAACAGTCTACCCACCCCTAGCAGGAAACCTAGCCCACGCTGGTGCATCTGTTGACCTA---ACTATCTTCTCCCTGCATTTAGCTGGTATTTCATCAATTCTAGGTGCAATCAACTTTATTACAACTATTATTAATATGAAACCTCCAGCCATTTCTCAATACCAGACTCCCCTTTTCGTCTGAGCTGTGCTAATTACAGCAGTCCTACTCCTTCTTTCTCTCCCCGTTCTTGCTGCT---GGCATTACAATGCTACTAACAGATCGAAACCTAAACACTACTTTCTTTGACCCTGCTGGTGGAGGGGACCCAATTCTATACCAACACTTA-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --
-- end --
Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Halichoeres maculipinna
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 4
Species: 25
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 4
Species: 25
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
LC
Least Concern
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2010
Assessor/s
Rocha, L. & Craig, M.
Reviewer/s
Sadovy, Y. & Carpenter, K.E.
Contributor/s
Justification
This species is widespread in the northwestern Atlantic and is common. There are no major threats known to this species. It is listed as Least Concern.
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
There is no population information available for this species. It is relatively common throughout its range. In Brazil, 183 individuals were exported in 2007 (IBAMA 2007).
Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats
Threats
Major Threats
There are no major threats known to this species.
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Least Concern (LC)
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
There are no specific conservation measures in place for this species. Its distribution overlaps several marine protected areas within its range.
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
aquarium: commercial
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Burgess, W.E., H.R. Axelrod and R.E. Hunziker III 1990 Dr. Burgess's atlas of marine aquarium fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. 768 p.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9210
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