Tautogolabrus adspersus &amp;mdash; Details

Distribution

Gulf of Maine, Gulf of St. Lawrence, North West Atlantic

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
Nozères C., Archambault D., Chouinard P.-M., Gauthier J., Miller R., Parent E., Schwab P., Savard L., and Dutil J.-D. 2010. Identification guide for marine fishes of the estuary and northern Gulf of St. Lawrence and sampling protocols used during trawl surveys between 2004 and 2008. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2866: xi + 243 p http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145051
Johnson CL, Runge JA, Curtis KA, Durbin EG, Hare JA, Incze LS, Link J, Melvin GD, O'Brien TD, Van Guelpen, L (in revision) Biodiversity and ecosystem function in the Gulf of Maine: pattern and role of zooplankton and pelagic nekton. PLoS One. http://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/masdea/masdea.php?p=sourcedetails&id=148111
Miller, Roberta. 2012. The museum collection database, Fisheries and Oceans Canada digital collections, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Quebec http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=163928

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Western Atlantic: Newfoundland and Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada to Chesapeake Bay in USA.

Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&speccode=942

Source: FishBase

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Range Description

This species found in the Atlantic coast of North America and the offshore banks, from Conception Bay, east coast of Newfoundland, and the western and southern parts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, southward to New Jersey, and occasionally as far as the mouth of Chesapeake Bay.

Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

Source: IUCN

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Nova Scotia and Gulf of St. Lawrence to Chesapeake Bay

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations

Source: NatureServe

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National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Source: NatureServe

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Western Atlantic.

Source: FishWise Professional

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Newfoundland and Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada to Chesapeake Bay in USA.

Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Robins, C. R. and G. C. Ray, 1986.

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Physical Description

Size

Maximum size: 380 mm TL

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Max. size

38.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)); max. published weight: 1,000 g (Ref. 7251); max. reported age: 6 years (Ref. 1009)

Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&speccode=942
Serchuk, F. and C. Cole 1974 Age and growth of the cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus (Waldbaum), Pisces (Labridae), in the Weweantic River Estuary, Massachusetts. Chesapeake Sci. 15(4):205-213. (Ref. 1009) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1009&speccode=3672

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to 38 cm TL (male/unsexed); max. weight: 1,000 g.

Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Robins, C. R. and G. C. Ray, 1986.

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Ecology

Habitat

Environment

reef-associated; marine; depth range 10 - 128 m (Ref. 5951)

Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott 1988 Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219:731 p. (Ref. 5951) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5951&speccode=26

Source: FishBase

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Habitat and Ecology

Habitat and Ecology

A common inshore small labrid that inhabit rocky areas and around pilings, seawalls and wharves. It is found to a depth of 120 m but most abundant in shallow water to 20 m. It usually occurs in schools or small groups. It achieves a maximum size of 1.1 kg and 38 cm. Maximum age six to seven years (Serchuk and Cole 1974).

It spawns chiefly from late spring through early summer. The eggs are buoyant, transparent, 0.75 to 0.85 mm. in diameter, and they do not have an oil globule. Incubation occupies about 40 hours at temperatures of 70° to 72°, but it is probable that about three days are required for hatching in the cooler waters of the Gulf of Maine (55° to 65°).

Systems

Marine

Source: IUCN

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Found in shallow inshore waters on or near bottoms, to depths of 10 m.

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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benthic

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Depth range based on 1804 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1173 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0 - 412
  Temperature range (°C): 0.153 - 17.229
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.958 - 26.159
  Salinity (PPS): 30.132 - 35.574
  Oxygen (ml/l): 3.618 - 7.807
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.430 - 1.829
  Silicate (umol/l): 1.599 - 17.288

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0 - 412

Temperature range (°C): 0.153 - 17.229

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.958 - 26.159

Salinity (PPS): 30.132 - 35.574

Oxygen (ml/l): 3.618 - 7.807

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.430 - 1.829

Silicate (umol/l): 1.599 - 17.288

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

Public Domain

Source: Ocean Biogeographic Information System

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Habitat Type: Marine

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Reef-associated; marine; depth to 10 m. Inhabits rocky areas, found around pilings, seawalls and wharves. Aggressive. Usually occurs in schools or small groups.

Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Robins, C. R. and G. C. Ray, 1986.

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Migration

Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.

Source: NatureServe

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Trophic Strategy

Omnivorous, feeds on molluscs and crustaceans; also barnacles, sea urchins, marine worms, sea squirts, fish eggs and eelgrass. Feeding ceases when the fish become inactive during winter months. Parasites of the species include 12 trematodes, 6 cestodes, 7 nematodes, 1 acanthocephalan and 1 monogenean (Gyrodactylus adspersi) (Ref. 5951).

Pepin, P. and R.W. Penney 1997 Patterns of prey size and taxonomic composition in larval fish: are there general size-dependent models? J. Fish Biol. 51(Suppl. A):84-100. (Ref. 32796) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=32796&speccode=3672

Source: FishBase

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Omnivorous. Eat amphipods, shrimps, young lobster, small crabs, and other small crustacean; also univalve mollusks and the smaller bivalves, hydroids, and annelid worms.

Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Robins, C. R. and G. C. Ray, 1986.

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Associations

Known prey organisms

Tautogolabrus adspersus (Cunner) preys on:
Crangon
Pandalidae
Decapoda
Gammaridae
Hyperiidae
Caprellidae
Isopoda
Cumacea
Urochordata
Cancer
Brachyura
Hydrozoa
Polychaeta
Echinodermata
Echinoidea

Based on studies in:
USA, Northeastern US contintental shelf (Coastal)

This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.

Link J (2002) Does food web theory work for marine ecosystems? Mar Ecol Prog Ser 230:19

Source: SPIRE

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Known predators

Tautogolabrus adspersus (Cunner) is prey of:
Urophycis tenuis
Gadidae
Hemitripterus americanus
Mustelus canis

Based on studies in:
USA, Northeastern US contintental shelf (Coastal)

This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.

Link J (2002) Does food web theory work for marine ecosystems? Mar Ecol Prog Ser 230:19

Source: SPIRE

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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

Spawning occurs from late spring through early summer. At hatching, larvae are about 2 to 2.2 mm long and upon reaching 15 mm, the fish appears to be in adult form.

Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Robins, C. R. and G. C. Ray, 1986.

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Tautogolabrus adspersus

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 2 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

AAAGATATTGGCACCCTCTATCTCGTATTTGGCGCCTGAGCCGGAATGGTTGGCACTGCTTTA---AGTCTGCTCATTCGAGCAGAATTAAGCCAACCAGGGGCACTTCTTGGAGAC---GACCAGATTTATAATGTAATCGTCACGGCACATGCATTCGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATACCAATTATGATTGGGGGCTTTGGAAACTGACTTATCCCATTAATG---ATTGGGGCCCCAGACATGGCCTTCCCCCGAATAAACAACATGAGCTTCTGGCTCCTCCCCCCCTCTTTCCTTCTTCTCCTCGCTTCTTCTGGTGTAGAGGCCGGGGCCGGCACTGGATGAACAGTTTATCCCCCCTTGGCCGGGAACCTGGCCCACGCAGGGGCCTCCGTCGACTTA---ACCATTTTTTCCCTACACCTGGCGGGCATCTCTTCAATTCTAGGGGCTATTAATTTTATTACAACCATCATTAACATGAAACCCCCCGCAATCTCGCAGTACCAAACCCCCCTCTTTGTCTGGGCCGTTTTAATTACTGCCGTCCTTCTTCTCCTGTCCCTGCCTGTCCTTGCAGCT---GGGATTACAATGCTTYTAACAGACCGAAATCTTAACACCACATTTTTTGATCCCGCAGGAGGGGGAGATCCCATCCTCTATCAACACCTATTTTGATTTTTT
-- end --

Download FASTA File

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Tautogolabrus adspersus

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 10
Specimens with Barcodes: 19
Species With Barcodes: 1

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

Red List Category

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2010

Assessor/s

Choat, J.H.

Reviewer/s

Sadovy, Y. & Carpenter, K.E.

Contributor/s

Justification

This species is an abundant small coastal labrid. It was exploited for food early last century but is now subject to mainly recreational fishery. The fishery is not percieved as a major threat. This species is listed as Least Concern.

Source: IUCN

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National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

Source: NatureServe

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NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

Source: NatureServe

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Trends

Population

Population

The population status of this species is unknown. Total recreational harvest in 2003/2004 from US wide recreational fishery record 60 metric tones comprising 161,000 individuals (US Marine Recreational Fisheries 2004).

Population Trend

Unknown

Source: IUCN

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Threats

Least Concern (LC)

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

Source: FishBase

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Major Threats

There are no major threats known for this species.

Recreational fishing by line is a minor threat. Historically dating back to the late 1800's large catches were recorded for commercial purposes for food (US Marine Recreational Fisheries 2004).

Source: IUCN

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Management

Conservation Actions

Conservation Actions

There are no size or bag limits. This species is monitored in five NE state recreational fishery surveys. Research is needed on the population numbers and range, biology and ecology and the habitat status of the species.

Source: IUCN

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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

aquarium: commercial

Burgess, W.E., H.R. Axelrod and R.E. Hunziker III 1990 Dr. Burgess's atlas of marine aquarium fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. 768 p. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9210

Source: FishBase

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Wikipedia

Bergall

For information about two submarines from the United States Navy, see USS Bergall.

Cunner occupy a rocky reef in New England.

A bergall or cunner or conner, Tautogolabrus adspersus, is a saltwater fish found in the western Atlantic. It is edible and its musky taste is considered a delicacy by some. Specimens may grow to 12 inches though most range from 4-10. Often bergall are found mixed in with blackfish (tautog), living on or near the same structures. Much of the food eaten by those bergall living among blackfish are the leftovers from the blackfishes prey.^{[citation needed]} Cunner can be distinguished from the tautog by their pointed snout. Cunner are generally smaller, so are usually thrown back by anglers who think they've caught a "short" tautog. Cunner are pesky bait stealers, and anglers who target them use the smallest hooks possible. They are used as bait when fishing offshore, or filleted for use inshore or as chum. They prefer to live near structures, such as sunken boulders. In past years, they have been important commercial fish, but now are considered pests. Cunner can be confused with black sea bass and other grouper, as well as tautog for their ability to change color.

References

"Tautogolabrus adspersus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=170481. Retrieved 24 January 2006.
Gulf of Maine Research Institute

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