Neoopisthopterus tropicus — Details

Tropical Longfin Herring learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Description

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Common names: longfin-herring (English), sardinela (Espanol), arenquilla (Espanol)
 
Neoopisthopterus tropicus (Hildebrand, 1946)


Tropical longfin-herring


Small, elongate, slender, its depth about 3.8-4.0 in SL, compressed;  mouth opens at front, oblique; top jaw short, not reaching beyond rear edge of eye; jaw teeth few, very small; top jaw with 2 toothed bones, no gap between them; gill rakers short, thick, few; dorsal fin 13-15, its origin well behind mid-body, behind anal fin origin; no pelvics; anal fin base long (43-48 rays); a sharp keel of ~ 26 scutes along belly.


Greenish brown on back, silvery white below with a silver mid-lateral band; tip of dorsal and top of tail blackish .


Size: grows to 11 cm.

Habitat: forms large schools in bays, estuaries, and in brackish river mouths.

Depth: 0-10 m?



The SE Gulf of California to northern Peru.

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Biology

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Occurs in coastal waters and off river mouths (e.g. Río Mayo, Gulf of California) thus perhaps tolerating lowered salinities. Feeds on planktonic crustaceans. Spawns over an extended period off Costa Rica.
  • Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=188&speccode=24 External link.
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Distribution

Range Description

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The distribution of this species in the eastern Pacific extends from southern Baja California and southeastern Gulf of California to northern Peru.
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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 0 (F) - 10 (F)
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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific


 
Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, TEP endemic, Continental TEP endemic, 3 provinces (Cortez + Mexican + Panamic) endemic, Continent, Continent only

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap), Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos), Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo)

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Eastern Central Pacific: Gulf of California to the northern tip of Peru.
  • Whitehead, P.J.P. and R. Rodriguez-Sanchez 1995 Pristigasteridae. Arenquillas, sardinetas. p. 1409-1417. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9336)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9336&speccode=1647 External link.
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Physical Description

Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 43 - 48
  • Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=188&speccode=24 External link.
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Size

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Length max (cm): 11.0 (S)
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Size

Max. size

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9.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 188))
  • Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=188&speccode=24 External link.
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Diagnostic Description

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Belly with around 26 scutes. Lower jaw not strongly projecting; hind tip of maxilla meets lower bulge of maxilla blade and is overlapped by it; teeth very small or minute. Dorsal fin well behind midpoint of body; anal fin long, its origin before dorsal fin origin. A silver band along flank.
  • Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=188&speccode=24 External link.
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Type Information

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Paratype for Neoopisthopterus tropicus
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Year Collected: 1941
Locality: Peru Sechura Bay, Sechura, Peru, Pacific
  • Paratype:
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Type for Neoopisthopterus tropicus
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Illustration
Collector(s): M. Lobell
Year Collected: 1941
Locality: Peru: Puerto Pizarro, Tumbes Region, Peru, Pacific
  • Type:
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Paratype for Neoopisthopterus tropicus
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): S. Hildebrand
Year Collected: 1937
Locality: Canal Zone: Balboa, Oil Dock, Under Light, Panama Province, Panama, Pacific
  • Paratype:
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Paratype for Neoopisthopterus tropicus
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): S. Hildebrand
Year Collected: 1937
Locality: Canal Zone: Balboa, Dry Dock, Panama Province, Panama, Pacific
  • Paratype:
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Paratype for Neoopisthopterus tropicus
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): A. Foster
Year Collected: 1937
Locality: Canal Zone: Miraflores Lock (Lower Chamber, East Side), Canal Zone, Panama, Pacific
  • Paratype:
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Paratype for Neoopisthopterus tropicus
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): S. Hildebrand
Year Collected: 1937
Locality: Canal Zone: Balboa, Dry Dock, Canal Zone, Panama, Pacific
  • Paratype:
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Paratype for Neoopisthopterus tropicus
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): S. Hildebrand
Year Collected: 1937
Locality: Canal Zone: Balboa, Dry Dock., Canal Zone, Panama, Pacific
  • Paratype:
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Paratype for Neoopisthopterus tropicus
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): S. Hildebrand
Year Collected: 1937
Locality: Canal Zone: Balboa, Dry Dock, Panama, Pacific
  • Paratype:
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Paratype for Neoopisthopterus tropicus
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): S. Hildebrand
Year Collected: 1937
Locality: Canal Zone: Miraflores Locks, Panama, Pacific
  • Paratype:
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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology
This species occurs in coastal waters and off river mouths (e.g. Rio Mayo, Gulf of California), thus it can tolerate lower salinities. It feeds on planktonic crustaceans. It spawns over an extended period off Costa Rica and forms large schools in bays, estuaries, and in brackish river mouths. It is found to 10m.

Systems
  • Marine
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Depth range based on 22 specimens in 1 taxon.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 1.5 - 50

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 1.5 - 50
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Habitat

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Salinity: Marine, Brackish

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Surface, Near Surface, Water column only

Habitat: Water column

FishBase Habitat: Pelagic
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Environment

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pelagic-neritic; brackish; marine
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Trophic Strategy

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Feeds on fish and planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 188).
  • Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=188&speccode=24 External link.
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Feeding

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Feeding Group: Planktivore

Diet: zooplankton, pelagic fish eggs, pelagic fish larvae
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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

Reproduction

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Egg Type: Pelagic, Pelagic larva
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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category
LC
Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Iwamoto, T., Eschmeyer, W.

Reviewer/s
Carpenter, K., Polidoro, B., Livingstone, S. (Global Marine Species Assessment Team)

Contributor/s

Justification
This species has a wide distribution, has no major threats, and occurs in several Marine Protected Areas. Therefore, it is listed as Least Concern.
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Conservation status

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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed
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Population

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Population
No population data is available for this species.

Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats
Theer are no major threats to this species. This species is important for subsistence fisheries (Whitehead, 1985). This species can be use as bait. Other commercial uses should be investigated.
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Least Concern (LC)
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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions
There are no known conservation measures for this species. This species' distribution includes a number of Marine Protected Areas in the central tropical eastern Pacific region. However, not all of the Marine Protected Areas have been considered to take action against major threats on the ecosystems. Many tropical eastern Pacific endemics are found in habitats that are not currently protected within Marine Protected Areas.
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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fisheries: subsistence fisheries
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