Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Adults are found mainly in eel-grass beds. Often in pairs. Males nest-makers. Feed mainly on mollusks, gastropods, bivalves, tubicolous worms, chitons, sea urchins and bryozoans (Ref. 4742). Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
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Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras 1986 Labridae. p. 919-942. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4742)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4742&speccode=55
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Distribution
Range Description
In the Eastern Atlantic, this species is present from Portugal to northern Morocco and throughout the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, the Selvangens and the Canary islands (P. Afonso pers. comm. 2008). It is also found throughout the Mediterranean Sea, including the Sea of Marmara, but not in the Black Sea (D. Pollard pers. comm. 2008).
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Distribution
European waters (ERMS scope), Greek Exclusive Economic Zone
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van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374
http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1411
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Koukouras, Athanasios. (2010). Check-list of marine species from Greece. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Assembled in the framework of the EU FP7 PESI project.
http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=142068
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World Register of Marine Species
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Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to northern Morocco, including Azores and Madeira and also throughout the Mediterranean.
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Gomon, M.F. and P. Forsyth 1990 Labridae. p. 868-882. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon, SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5292)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5292&speccode=7633
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Physical Description
Size
Max. size
18.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4742)); max. reported age: 8 years (Ref. 4742)
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Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras 1986 Labridae. p. 919-942. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4742)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4742&speccode=55
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
This species is generally found over vegetated rocky substrates and in coralligenous habitats. It is also found associated with seagrass beds (D. Pollard pers. comm. 2008). It feeds mainly on gastropods, bivalves, tubiculous worms, chitons, sea urchins and bryozoans (Quignard and Pras 1986), and also crustaceans (Golani et al. 2006). It is found from 1-70m depth.
Spawning takes place in spring, and the eggs are laid in a nest constructed by the male (Golani et al. 2006).
Spawning takes place in spring, and the eggs are laid in a nest constructed by the male (Golani et al. 2006).
Systems
- Marine
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Depth range based on 3 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 2 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 5.5 - 60
Temperature range (°C): 16.269 - 16.269
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.692 - 1.692
Salinity (PPS): 37.969 - 37.969
Oxygen (ml/l): 5.382 - 5.382
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.229 - 0.229
Silicate (umol/l): 1.778 - 1.778
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 5.5 - 60
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 2 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 5.5 - 60
Temperature range (°C): 16.269 - 16.269
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.692 - 1.692
Salinity (PPS): 37.969 - 37.969
Oxygen (ml/l): 5.382 - 5.382
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.229 - 0.229
Silicate (umol/l): 1.778 - 1.778
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 5.5 - 60
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 1 - 50m.
From 1 to 50 meters.
Habitat: demersal.
From 1 to 50 meters.
Habitat: demersal.
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Environment
demersal; marine; depth range 1 - 50 m (Ref. 5292)
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Gomon, M.F. and P. Forsyth 1990 Labridae. p. 868-882. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon, SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5292)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5292&speccode=7633
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Trophic Strategy
Littoral, found mainly in eel-grass beds. Often in pairs. Males nest-makers. Feeds mainly on molluscs, gastropods, bivalves, tubicolous worms, chitons, sea urchins and bryozoans.
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Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras 1986 Labridae. p. 919-942. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4742)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4742&speccode=55
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Males build dish shaped nests and guard the eggs (Ref. 205).
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Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras 1986 Labridae. p. 919-942. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4742)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4742&speccode=55
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Symphodus mediterraneus
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There is 1 barcode sequence available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is the sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen. Other sequences that do not yet meet barcode criteria may also be available.
Download FASTA File
There is 1 barcode sequence available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is the sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen. Other sequences that do not yet meet barcode criteria may also be available.
GBGCA633-10|GQ341607|Symphodus mediterraneus| ------------------------CATAAAGATATTGGCACCCTCTATCTCGTATTTGGTGCTTGAGCCGGAATAGTAGGCACTGCCCTA---AGCCTGCTTATCCGGGCGGAACTAAGCCAGCCCGGAGCCCTCCTTGGGGAC---GACCAAATCTACAATGTTATCGTAACAGCACATGCCTTCGTTATGATTTTCTTTATAGTAATACCAATCATGATTGGAGGCTTTGGAAACTGACTCATTCCTCTAATG---ATCGGAGCCCCCGACATGGCCTTCCCCCGAATGAACAATATGAGCTTCTGACTCCTTCCTCCCTCATTCCTTCTTCTCCTTGCCTCTTCCGGCGTGGAAGCTGGGGCCGGTACCGGCTGAACAGTCTACCCACCTTTAGCTGGCAATCTCGCCCATGCAGGAGCATCCGTCGACCTG---ACTATCTTCTCCCTCCATCTGGCAGGAATTTCCTCAATCCTTGGTGCAATTAATTTTATTACCACTATTATTAACATGAAACCCCCCGCGATCTCACAATACCAAACTCCCCTATTTGTCTGAGCCGTTCTAATTACCGCCGTCCTCCTGCTTCTGTCCCTCCCTGTCCTTGCAGCC---GGCATTACAATGCTTCTTACAGATCGAAATCTCAATACCACCTTTTTTGACCCTGCAGGCGGAGGAGATCCAATTCTTTACCAG-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --
-- end --
Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Symphodus mediterraneus
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 1
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 1
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
LC
Least Concern
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2010
Assessor/s
Pollard, D. & Afonso, P.
Reviewer/s
Sadovy, Y. & Carpenter, K.E.
Contributor/s
Justification
This species is present throughout the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Macronesian islands, and there are no known threats to its populations. Although there is no specific information available on its population status, this is thought to be stable. It is therefore listed as Least Concern.
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
This species is generally common throughout most of the Mediterranean Sea, except along the coasts of the eastern Levant, where it is less abundant. The population is stable in Turkey, and most likely also throughout the rest of the Mediterranean Sea (Bilecenoglu pers. comm.).
In the Azores it is quite common although found in relatively low numbers (Afonso 2002) throughout its preferred habitat, and populations are thought to be stable. In the Canary islands, it is occasional and thought to have diminished in the last two decades (Brito et al. 2002).
In the Azores it is quite common although found in relatively low numbers (Afonso 2002) throughout its preferred habitat, and populations are thought to be stable. In the Canary islands, it is occasional and thought to have diminished in the last two decades (Brito et al. 2002).
Population Trend
Stable
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Threats
Threats
Major Threats
There are no known major threats to this small species, although it may be utilised and sold for food when caught in local artisanal fisheries (D. Pollard pers. comm. 2008).
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Least Concern (LC)
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
There are no specific conservation measures in place for this species. Its distribution overlaps several marine protected areas within its range.
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: subsistence fisheries; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial
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Burgess, W.E., H.R. Axelrod and R.E. Hunziker III 1990 Dr. Burgess's atlas of marine aquarium fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. 768 p.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9210
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Wikipedia
Axillary wrasse
Axillary wrasse, Symphodus mediterraneus, is a fish in the family Labridae, widespread in the Eastern Atlantic from Portugal to northern Morocco, including the Azores and Madeira, and also in the Mediterranean Sea. The fish reaches 18.0 cm maximal length. Marine subtropical demersal fish, live at 1-50 m depth .
References
 | This Labridae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
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Unreviewed
