Gymnocanthus tricuspis — Details

One of the most abundant and widespread arctic sculpins

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Flat, bony plates on nape and top of head; Lateral line scales in the form of embedded tubules; Few or no cirri on the head and body; A long uppermost preopercular spine with 1 or more recurved spinules on the upper surface; Distinguished from other Gymnocanthus by lack of a reticulated pattern dorsally; a narrow interorbital space (less than 10% HL); small, numerous interorbital plates; and absent or weak occipital tubercles.

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Biology

Burrows into sand and sand-mud bottoms with salinities of 32-35 ppt, sometimes as low as 16-30 ppt (Ref. 4698). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on small benthic amphipods and polychaetes (Ref. 4698).

Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&speccode=942

Source: FishBase

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Distribution

Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone [Arctic part], European waters (ERMS scope), FAO fishing area 18, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Manicouagan, Saint Lawrence River, Ungava Bay

van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374 http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1411
Nozères C., Archambault D., Chouinard P.-M., Gauthier J., Miller R., Parent E., Schwab P., Savard L., and Dutil J.-D. 2010. Identification guide for marine fishes of the estuary and northern Gulf of St. Lawrence and sampling protocols used during trawl surveys between 2004 and 2008. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2866: xi + 243 p http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145051
Miller, Roberta. 2011. The St. Anne de Bellevue Arctic Biological Station Collection In Museum collection database, Fisheries and Oceans Canada digital collections, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Quebec http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=150285
Mark, S., Provencher, L., Albert, E. et Nozères, C. 2010. Cadre de suivi écologique de la zone de protection marine Manicouagan (Québec) : bilan des connaissances et identification des composantes écologiques à suivre. Rapp. tech. can. sci. halieut. aquat. 2914 : xi + 121 p http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=150858
Siferd, Tim. 2010. Central and Arctic multi-species stock assessment surveys. In OBIS Canada Digital Collections. Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. OBIS Canada Ver1 http://www.marinespecies.org/ophiuroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=155140
North/South Consultants 2006. Potential dispersal of aquatic invasive species into Hudson Bay from ballast water from ships travelling from ports in Europe and North America. A report prepared for Fisheries and Ocean Canada File No. F2408-050083 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=155160
Dunbar, M.J. & H.H. Hildebrand (1952). Contribution to the study of the fishes of Ungava Bay. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 9:83-128, fig. 1. (viii-1952) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=74556

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Source: World Register of Marine Species

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National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

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Arctic Ocean to Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada and rarely south to Maine, USA. Eastern coasts of Greenland, Iceland, northern coast of Norway to White and throughout Barents Sea to Spitzbergen and Novaya Zemlya.

Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Robins, C. R. and G. C. Ray, 1986; Fedorov, V. V., 1986.

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Arctic, Northwest to Northeast Atlantic: to Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada and rarely Maine, USA. Northeast Atlantic: eastern coasts of Greenland, Iceland, northern coast of Norway to White and throughout Barents Sea to Spitzbergen and Novaya Zemlya (Ref. 4698).

Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&speccode=942

Source: FishBase

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Physical Description

Morphology

Dorsal spines (total): 10 - 12; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 17; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 15 - 19

Fedorov, V.V. 1986 Cottidae. p. 1243-1260. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. (Ref. 4698) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4698&speccode=4041

Source: FishBase

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Size

Size: to 30.0 cm TL (male/unsexed).

Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Robins, C. R. and G. C. Ray, 1986; Fedorov, V. V., 1986.

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Max. size

30.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9707))

Andriyashev, A.P. 1964 Fishes of the northern seas of the U.S.S.R. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. 617 p. (Translated from Russian). (Ref. 9707) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9707&speccode=9256

Source: FishBase

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Diagnostic Description

Back dark, flanks with dark blotches forming two blackish-brown bands, irregular line of dark spots below lateral line; belly light, yellowish in females, with roundish white spots in males; dorsal fin with light and dark stripes, caudal, anal and pectoral fins light, the last with a yellow tip and with 4-5 transverse lines of dark spots (Ref. 4698).

Fedorov, V.V. 1986 Cottidae. p. 1243-1260. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. (Ref. 4698) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4698&speccode=4041

Source: FishBase

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Ecology

Habitat

Depth range based on 290 specimens in 2 taxa.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 171 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0 - 318.5
  Temperature range (°C): -1.437 - 3.633
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.707 - 28.605
  Salinity (PPS): 29.344 - 34.159
  Oxygen (ml/l): 5.688 - 9.237
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.594 - 2.437
  Silicate (umol/l): 3.656 - 65.120

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0 - 318.5

Temperature range (°C): -1.437 - 3.633

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.707 - 28.605

Salinity (PPS): 29.344 - 34.159

Oxygen (ml/l): 5.688 - 9.237

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.594 - 2.437

Silicate (umol/l): 3.656 - 65.120

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

Public Domain

Source: Ocean Biogeographic Information System

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Habitat Type: Marine

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Demersal; marine; depth to 240 m. Burrows in sand and sandy-mud bottoms where salinities range from 32-35 ppt, and sometimes as low as 16 ppt.

Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Robins, C. R. and G. C. Ray, 1986; Fedorov, V. V., 1986.

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Arctic faunal region; Benthic, in shallow water close to shore (caught in beach seines) to about 450 m (1,480 ft) depth off shore; Typically < 200 m, on various substrates from mud to gravel and rock; Burrow in sand and muddy-sand substrates

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Environment

demersal; marine; depth range 0 - 451 m (Ref. 58496)

Parin, N.V., V.V. Fedorov and B.A. Sheiko 2002 An annotated catalogue of fish-like vertebrates and fishes of the seas of Russia and adjacent countries: Part 2. Order Scorpaeniformes. J. Ichthyol. 42(Suppl.1):S60-S135. (Ref. 58496) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58496&speccode=23989

Source: FishBase

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Migration

Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.

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Trophic Strategy

Burrows into sand and sand-mud bottoms with salinities of 32-35 ppt, sometimes as low as 16-30 ppt (Ref. 4698). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on small benthic amphipods and polychaetes (Ref. 4698). Preyed upon by black guillemots and harp seal, Phoca groenlandica. Parasite found on the fins was Diocus gobinus (Ref. 5951).

Fedorov, V.V. 1986 Cottidae. p. 1243-1260. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. (Ref. 4698) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4698&speccode=4041

Source: FishBase

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Small benthic amphipods and polychaetes.

Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Robins, C. R. and G. C. Ray, 1986; Fedorov, V. V., 1986.

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Primarily eat polychaetes, gastropods, euphausiids, benthic amphipods, and Echiurus; Eaten by other fishes, including Arctic cod, Atlantic cod, Bering flounder, and polar eelpout

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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

Spawn in late autumn to winter; Number of eggs about 2,000-5,500; Eggs demersal, larvae and young juveniles pelagic; Young fish descend to sea floor at 20-30 mm in length; Mature by 5-6 years of age or 220-260 mm

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Reproduction

no information

Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Robins, C. R. and G. C. Ray, 1986; Fedorov, V. V., 1986.

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Gymnocanthus tricuspis

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 32 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

DSFAL337-07|OSHORO2007-55|Gymnocanthus tricuspis| ------------------------------------------CTATATCTAGTATTTGGTGCCTGGGCCGGAATAGTAGGCACAGCCCTA---AGCCTCCTAATTCGAGCTGAGCTAAGCCAACCCGGCGCCCTTTTAGGGGAC---GACCAAATTTATAATGTAATTGTTACAGCTCACGCCTTCGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATACCAATCATGATCGGAGGTTTCGGAAACTGACTCATCCCCCTGATG---ATCGGGGCCCCCGATATAGCATTTCCTCGAATGAATAACATGAGCTTCTGGCTCCTTCCCCCTTCCTTTTTACTGCTCCTCGCCTCTTCGGGGGTCGAAGCAGGGGCCGGAACCGGCTGAACAGTTTACCCACCCCTCTCAGGAAACCTCGCCCACGCGGGAGCCTCTGTTGACTTA---ACTATTTTCTCCCTACATCTGGCAGGGATCTCCTCAATCCTTGGGGCAATTAATTTTATCACAACCATCATTAACATAAAACCCCCTGCTATTTCTCAATACCAGACCCCTCTTTTCGTGTGGTCTGTCCTTATTACAGCAGTCTTACTGCTTCTTTCCCTCCCAGTCCTTGCTGCC---GGTATTACAATGCTTTTAACAGACCGAAACCTTAACACCACCTTTTTTGATCCGGCCGGGGGCGGGGATCCCATCCTTTACCAACACCTC-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --

Download FASTA File

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Gymnocanthus tricuspis

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 32
Species: 50
Species With Barcodes: 1

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Conservation

Conservation Status

National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

Source: NatureServe

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NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked

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Threats

Not Evaluated

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

Source: FishBase

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