Gymnelus viridis — Details

The reason for the common name is unknown

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Uniformly colored brown; mottled; or with broad, mottled or solid dark reddish brown or bluish black bands extending from dorsal fin to anal fin; Bands, when present, broader and less numerous than in G. hemifasciatus; Ocelli (eyelike spots) ringed in white often present on dorsal fin in either sex; Dorsal fin origin above posterior half of pectoral fin; pectoral fin rays usually 11-13

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Biology

Inhabits continental shelves, but generally living in shallower water (Ref. 11954); usually live over sand and muddy bottoms among seaweeds (Ref. 5951). Benthic; feeds on crustaceans, worms and clams (Ref. 58426).

Anderson, M.E. 1994 Systematics and osteology of the Zoarcidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. 60:120 p. (Ref. 11954) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11954&speccode=49218

Source: FishBase

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Distribution

Arctic: Greenland and Canadian Arctic to 46.38°N; replaced by other species in the Arctic seas of Eurasia

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Distribution

Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone [Arctic part], European waters (ERMS scope), Gulf of St. Lawrence, North West Atlantic

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374 http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1411
Nozères C., Archambault D., Chouinard P.-M., Gauthier J., Miller R., Parent E., Schwab P., Savard L., and Dutil J.-D. 2010. Identification guide for marine fishes of the estuary and northern Gulf of St. Lawrence and sampling protocols used during trawl surveys between 2004 and 2008. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2866: xi + 243 p http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145051
Miller, Roberta. 2011. The St. Anne de Bellevue Arctic Biological Station Collection In Museum collection database, Fisheries and Oceans Canada digital collections, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Quebec http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=150285

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National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Source: NatureServe

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Arctic: Greenland and Canadian Arctic. Northeast Pacific: Bering Sea (Ref. 51665). Replaced by other species in the Arctic seas of Eurasia.

Chernova, N.V. 1998 Reestablishment of the validity of species Gymnelus bilabrus Andriashev 1937 with characteristics of species G. viridis verified (Fabricius, 1780) (Zoarcidae). J. Ichthyol. 38(2):163-169. (Ref. 27319) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27319&speccode=3131

Source: FishBase

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Physical Description

Size

Maximum size: 186 mm TL

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Source: FishWise Professional

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Max. size

56.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4926))

Leim, A.H. and W.B. Scott 1966 Fishes of the Atlantic coast of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. (155):485 p. (Ref. 4926) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4926&speccode=4146

Source: FishBase

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Ecology

Habitat

benthic

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Habitat

Inhabits continental shelves, but generally living in shallower water.

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Depth range based on 82 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 46 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0.305 - 247
  Temperature range (°C): -1.199 - 8.263
  Nitrate (umol/L): 1.704 - 23.199
  Salinity (PPS): 31.513 - 34.044
  Oxygen (ml/l): 4.235 - 8.638
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.700 - 2.212
  Silicate (umol/l): 4.713 - 47.133

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0.305 - 247

Temperature range (°C): -1.199 - 8.263

Nitrate (umol/L): 1.704 - 23.199

Salinity (PPS): 31.513 - 34.044

Oxygen (ml/l): 4.235 - 8.638

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.700 - 2.212

Silicate (umol/l): 4.713 - 47.133

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

Public Domain

Source: Ocean Biogeographic Information System

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Habitat Type: Marine

Source: NatureServe

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Depth: 40 - 48m.
From 40 to 48 meters.

Habitat: demersal.

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Arctic-subarctic; Benthic, from intertidal area to depth of 318 m, typically < 100 m; Found on mud, sand, and gravel bottoms under debris, prostrate blades of kelp (Laminaria, Agarum), rocks, and other cover

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Environment

demersal; marine; depth range 0 - 320 m (Ref. 50610)

Russian Academy of Sciences 2000 Catalog of vertebrates of Kamchatka and adjacent waters. 166 p. (Ref. 50610) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50610&speccode=2592

Source: FishBase

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Migration

Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.

Source: NatureServe

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Trophic Strategy

Inhabits continental shelves, but generally living in shallower water (Ref. 11954). Benthic; feeds on crustaceans, worms and clams (Ref. 58426). It is preyed upon by seagulls, murres, seals, cod and wolffish (Ref. 5951).

Atkinson, E.G. and J.A. Percy 1992 Diet comparison among demersal marine fish from the Canadian Arctic. Polar Biol. 11:567-573. (Ref. 46872) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=46872&speccode=4190

Source: FishBase

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Prey mainly on gammarid amphipods, polychaetes, copepods; Adults also eat bivalve siphons, mysids, caprellid amphipods; Eaten by seals, seabirds, cods and other fishes

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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

Spawn late August to September; 20-106 large (1.8-5.2 mm), adhesive eggs deposited on bottom; Larvae demersal; Females mature at 90 mm in length or greater; few (10%) mature in any given year; Adults attain 12 or more years of age

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Gymnelus viridis

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 11 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

DSFAL095-07|BASIS2007-31|Gymnelus viridis| ------------------------------------------CTTTATCTAGTATTTGGTGCCTGAGCCGGAATAGTGGGCACAGCCCTA---AGCCTCCTCATTCGAGCGGAGCTAAGCCAACCCGGCGCCCTCTTGGGGGAC---GACCAAATTTATAATGTCCTTGTCACGGCACATGCGTTCGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATACCAATCATGATTGGGGGGTTTGGAAACTGGCTTGTCCCCCTAATA---ATCGGGGCCCCGGACATAGCATTTCCCCGAATAAACAACATGAGCTTTTGACTCCTTCCCCCATCTTTCCTTCTCCTCCTTGCCTCTTCCGGGGTAGAGGCTGGAGCTGGGACGGGGTGAACAGTCTACCCCCCGCTTTCTGGCAATTTAGCGCATGCAGGGGCCTCTGTTGATTTA---ACAATCTTTTCCCTTCACCTAGCGGGGATCTCCTCCATCCTTGGAGCAATTAATTTTATTACAACCATTATTAACATGAAGCCCCCTGCGATTTCTCAGTACCAGACGCCTCTTTTCGTCTGATCAGTACTTATTACGGCGGTCCTACTACTTCTTTCCCTCCCCGTGCTTGCAGCT---GGTATTACCATGCTCCTAACGGACCGCAACCTTAACACCACCTTCTTCGACCCTGCCGGAGGGGGGGACCCAATCCTTTACCAA-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --

Download FASTA File

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Gymnelus viridis

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 11
Species: 17
Species With Barcodes: 1

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Conservation

Conservation Status

National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

Source: NatureServe

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NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked

Source: NatureServe

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Threats

Not Evaluated

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

Source: FishBase

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