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Elephas
- Distinguish from Elaphus.
Elephas is one of two surviving genera in the order of elephants, Proboscidea. The genus has one surviving species, the Asian elephant Elephas maximus.[1]
Several extinct species have been identified as belonging to the genus, including Elephas recki, Elephas antiquus, and the dwarf elephants E. falconeri and E. cypriotes. The genus is very closely related to the mammoth genus Mammuthus.[2]
Taxonomy
The genus is assigned to the proboscidean family Elephantidae. This is a list of living and extinct species and subspecies of Elephas:
- Elephantidae
- Genus Elephas (Eurasian elephants)
- Species Elephas maximus (Asian elephant)
- Subspecies Elephas maximus indicus (Indian Elephant)
- Subspecies Elephas maximus maximus (Sri Lankan Elephant)
- Subspecies Elephas maximus sumatranus (Sumatran Elephant)
- Subspecies Elephas maximus borneensis (Borneo Elephant or Asian Pygmy Elephant) — proposed but not yet recognized as valid;[1][3]
- Subspecies Elephas maximus rubridens (Chinese Elephant) †
- Subspecies Elephas maximus asurus (Syrian Elephant) †
- Species Elephas beyeri †
- Species Elephas celebensis (Sulawesi Dwarf Elephant) †
- Species Elephas hysudricus †
- Species Elephas hysudrindicus (Javan Elephant) †
- Species Elephas iolensis †
- Species Elephas planifrons †
- Species Elephas platycephalus †
- Species Elephas recki †
- Subspecies Elephas recki atavus †
- Subspecies Elephas recki brumpti †
- Subspecies Elephas recki ileretensis †
- Subspecies Elephas recki illertensis †
- Subspecies Elephas recki recki †
- Subspecies Elephas recki shungurensis †
- Subgenus Palaeoloxodon †
- Species Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus †
- Species Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) tiliensis †
- Species Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) creutzburgi †
- Species Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) chaniensis †
- Species Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) cypriotes (Cyprus Dwarf Elephant)†;[4]
- Species Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) ekorensis †
- Species Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) falconeri (Sicilian Dwarf Elephant) †
- Species Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) mnaidriensis †
- Species Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) melitensis †
- Species Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) namadicus †
- Species Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) naumanni (Naumann's Dwarf Elephant) †
- Species Elephas maximus (Asian elephant)
- Genus Elephas (Eurasian elephants)
References
- ^ a b Shoshani, Jeheskel (16 November 2005). "Order Proboscidea (pp. 90-91)". In Wilson, Don E., and Reeder, DeeAnn M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.). p. 90. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494. http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=11500003.
- ^ Fleischer, R. C.; Perry, E. A.; Muralidharan, K.; Stevens, E. E.; Wemmer, C. M. (2001). Phylogeography of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) based on mitochondrial DNA. Evolution 55(9): 1882–1892
- ^ Fernando, P., Vidya, T.N.C., Payne, J., Stuewe, M., Davison, G., et al. (2003) DNA Analysis Indicates That Asian Elephants Are Native to Borneo and Are Therefore a High Priority for Conservation. PLoS Biol 1(1): e6
- ^ Bate, D.M.A. 1905. Further note on the remains of Elephas cypriotes from a cave-deposit in Cyprus, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, Series B 197: 347–360
- Todd, N. E. 2001. African Elephas recki: Time, space and taxonomy, In: Cavarretta, G., P. Gioia, M. Mussi, and M. R. Palombo. The World of Elephants, Proceedings of the 1st International Congress, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Rome, Italy. Online pdf
- Todd, N. E. 2005. Reanalysis of African Elephas recki: Implications for time, space and taxonomy, Quaternary International 126-128:65-72
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Elephas namadicus
 | This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2009) |
Elephas namadicus was a species of 7-foot-tall (2.1 m) prehistoric elephant that ranged throughout Pleistocene Asia, from India (where it was first discovered) to Japan, where the indigenous Neolithic cultures hunted that particular subspecies for food. It is a descendant of the Straight-Tusked Elephant.
Some authorities regard it to be a subspecies of E. antiquus, the Straight-Tusked Elephant, due to extreme similarities of the tusks.
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