occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Global Range: (20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)) Breeds along Pacific coast of central and southern California (the Channel Islands south), on islands off Baja California and on islands in the Gulf of California (south to Isabella and the Tres Marias Islands); ranges regularly north of the breeding grounds to southern British Columbia (Johnsgard 1993, AOU 1998).

Length: 122 cm

Weight: 3636 grams

Differs from subspecies Carolinensis in being larger (e.g., average bill length 347 mm and 312 mm in males and females, respectively, vs. 319 mm and 294 mm) and, in definitive alternate plumage, the brown hindneck being much darker (sometimes almost black) (Palmer 1962). Differs from subspecies OOCIDENTALIS in being much larger (average bill length of OCCIDENTALIS 288 mm and 261 mm, for males and females, respectively) (Palmer 1962).

Comments: See files for P. OCCIDENTALIS.

Non-Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species do not make significant seasonal migrations. Juvenile dispersal is not considered a migration.

Locally Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).

Locally Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.

See files for P. OCCIDENTALIS.

Comments: See files for P. OCCIDENTALIS.

See files for P. OCCIDENTALIS.

Comments: See files for P. OCCIDENTALIS.

See files for P. OCCIDENTALIS.

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N1B,N3N : N1B: Critically Imperiled - Breeding, N3N: Vulnerable - Nonbreeding

Rounded Global Status Rank: T3 - Vulnerable

Reasons: Essentially restricted to California and western Mexico; populations have recovered from low levels caused by pesticides and disturbance; now relatively stable at about 50,000 breeding pairs.