Vireo atricapilla once bred from Kansas through Oklahoma to south-west Texas, USA, into central Coahuila and southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico, wintering in Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima and possibly Oaxaca, Mexico^1,3,4. In Oklahoma and northern and central Texas, it is now restricted to a few sites, and elsewhere populations are increasingly fragmented¹. The population has declined to c.6,000-10,000 individuals, but numbers for south-west Texas and Mexico are uncertain⁶. This decline is not uniform: numbers are stable in the southern 25-30% of the historic breeding range, and management has arrested declines elsewhere².