Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Found on shallow fringing reefs. Usually in areas with dead coral and rubble (Ref. 9710). Feeds on benthic algae. Also caught with nets and other kinds of artisanal gear. Mainly sold fresh.
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Randall, J.E. 1986 Scaridae. p. 706-714. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 5490)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5490&speccode=4355
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Distribution
Western Indian Ocean: known so far from Mozambique, Mauritius, Chagos Archipelago, and Maldives. Recently recorded from Reunion (Ref. 53568). Probably more widespread.
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Bruce, R.W. and J.E. Randall 1984 Scaridae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. (Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51). volume 3. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3488)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3488&speccode=4357
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Range Description
This species is found in the Indian Ocean from East Africa (Kenya to Mozambique) and islands of southwestern Indian Ocean to East Andaman Sea (G. Allen pers comm. 2009). It was recorded from Halmahera (Green and Muljadi 2009), however this record needs to be verified.
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Chagos, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles
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Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
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Western Indian Ocean: Mozambique, Seychelles and Mascarenes east to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago.
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Physical Description
Size
Max. size
50.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710))
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Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9710&speccode=13770
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
This species is a reef front and reef crest excavating species that occurs to 30 m depth. It has been observed to 60 cm (TL) in Christmas Island.
Systems
- Marine
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Depth range based on 1 specimen in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 1 - 1
Temperature range (°C): 28.006 - 28.006
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.402 - 0.402
Salinity (PPS): 34.563 - 34.563
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.503 - 4.503
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.220 - 0.220
Silicate (umol/l): 4.752 - 4.752
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 1 - 1
Temperature range (°C): 28.006 - 28.006
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.402 - 0.402
Salinity (PPS): 34.563 - 34.563
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.503 - 4.503
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.220 - 0.220
Silicate (umol/l): 4.752 - 4.752
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Trophic Strategy
Found on shallow fringing reefs. Usually in areas with dead coral and rubble (Ref. 9710). Feeds on benthic algae.
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Randall, J.E. 1986 Scaridae. p. 706-714. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 5490)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5490&speccode=4355
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
LC
Least Concern
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2010
Assessor/s
Choat, J.H., Carpenter, K.E., Clements, K.D., Rocha, L.A., Myers, R., Russell, B., Lazuardi, M.E., Muljadi, A., Pardede, S. & Rahardjo, P.
Reviewer/s
McIlwain, J. & Craig, M.T.
Contributor/s
Justification
This species is widely distributed and is not specifically targeted in the Indian Ocean. It is abundant at remote reef systems including Cocos-Keeling and occurs in a number of marine protected areas throughout its range. It is therefore listed as Least Concern.
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
Abundance estimates of this species at Cocos Keeling recorded ~5-10 individuals per 300 m2 (J.H. Choat pers comm. 2009) but it is rare at other sites. It has also been observed in Chagos, Maldives and Mauritius but always rare (Randall and Bruce 1983).
Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats
Least Concern (LC)
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Major Threats
There are no major threats known for this species.
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
There are no species-specific conservation measures in place for this species. However, its distribution overlaps several marine protected areas within its range.
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: commercial
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Bruce, R.W. and J.E. Randall 1984 Scaridae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. (Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51). volume 3. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3488)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3488&speccode=4357
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