Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Inhabits shallow to deep coastal mud or silty sand flats (Ref. 48637). Toxicity in this species is particularly high in the skin. Its toxicity varies with the locality and some specimens are nontoxic altogether (Ref. 559).
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Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&speccode=7
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Distribution
Indo-Pacific.
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Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&speccode=7
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 7; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Analspines: 1; Analsoft rays: 9
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Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&speccode=7
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FishBase
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Size
Max. size
15.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 48637))
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Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka 2001 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 3. Jawfishes - Sunfishes, Opistognathidae - Molidae. Zoonetics, Australia. p. 623-893. (Ref. 48637)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48637&speccode=4748
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Ecology
Habitat
Depth range based on 26 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 7 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.2 - 79
Temperature range (°C): 27.989 - 28.954
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.099 - 1.191
Salinity (PPS): 34.030 - 37.794
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.127 - 4.655
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.083 - 0.388
Silicate (umol/l): 0.818 - 4.457
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.2 - 79
Temperature range (°C): 27.989 - 28.954
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.099 - 1.191
Salinity (PPS): 34.030 - 37.794
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.127 - 4.655
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.083 - 0.388
Silicate (umol/l): 0.818 - 4.457
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 7 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.2 - 79
Temperature range (°C): 27.989 - 28.954
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.099 - 1.191
Salinity (PPS): 34.030 - 37.794
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.127 - 4.655
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.083 - 0.388
Silicate (umol/l): 0.818 - 4.457
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.2 - 79
Temperature range (°C): 27.989 - 28.954
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.099 - 1.191
Salinity (PPS): 34.030 - 37.794
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.127 - 4.655
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.083 - 0.388
Silicate (umol/l): 0.818 - 4.457
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Trophic Strategy
Feeds mainly on benthic crustaceans and polychaetes (Ref. 26908).
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Yamashita, Y., N. Piamthipmanus and K. Mochizuki 1987 Gut contents analysis of fishes sampled from the Gulf of Thailand. p.33-55. In K. Kawaguchi (ed.) Studies on the mechanism of marine productivity in the shallow waters around the South China Sea with special reference to the Gulf of Thailand. Grant-in-Aid no. 61043019 for OSS, Ministry of Educ. Sci. and Culture, Japan. (Ref. 26908)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26908&speccode=388
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Conservation
Threats
Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
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FishBase
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