Quercus texana — Details

Quercus texana Buckley:
United States (North America)

Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1493
Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 1997. Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. 3: i–xxiii, 1–590. In Fl. N. Amer. Oxford University Press, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/24627

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Quercus nuttallii E.J. Palmer:
United States (North America)

Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Choripetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 2. 655 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1704
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327
Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic Wetland Pl. S.E. U.S. Dicot. 933 pp. Univ. Georgia Press, Athens. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1711

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National Distribution

United States

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

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Physical Description

Morphology

Comments

For many years the name Quercus texana was erroneously used for Q . buckleyi (L. J. Dorr and K. C. Nixon 1985). A few authors have also used the name for Q . gravesii .

Quercus nuttallii E. J. Palmer var. cachensis E. J. Palmer was described as a small-fruited form (nuts 16-18 × 12-16 mm) from specimens collected in east-central Arkansas (E. J. Palmer 1937). Noting the similarity between Q . nuttallii var. cachensis and Q . palustris , Palmer discounted the possibility of the former being of hybrid origin because (1) he had not observed Q . palustris in the type locality, and (2) the leaves and buds of the former were essentially the same as in Q . nuttallii var. nuttallii .

C. H. Muller (1942), on the other hand, argued that Quercus nuttallii was nothing more than a form [forma nuttallii (E. J. Palmer) C. H. Muller] of Q . palustris . This is a puzzling conclusion because it was based largely on the premise that Q . nuttallii occurred "...with the parent species throughout a large part of the latter's southern range (Mississippi to eastern Texas and southeastern Missouri)." The range of Q . palustris does not extend into Mississippi or eastern Texas, although its range does overlap that of Q . texana in eastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri. E. J. Palmer (1948) and D. M. Hunt (1989) have suggested hybridization with Q . shumardii and Q . nigra , respectively. See L. J. Dorr and K. C. Nixon (1985) for an explanation of the nomenclatural confusion regarding this taxon.

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Description

Trees , deciduous, to 25 m. Bark dark brown with flat ridges divided by shallow fissures. Twigs red-brown to gray, 1.5-3(-3.5) mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds gray to gray-brown, ovoid, 3-7 mm, glabrous or with scales somewhat ciliate at apex. Leaves: petiole 20-50 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 75-200 × 55-130 mm, base cuneate to almost truncate, often inequilateral, margins with 6-11 lobes and 9-24 awns, lobes oblong to distally expanded, rarely falcate, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, veins raised, adaxially planar, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup thin (scale bases visible on inner surface), deeply goblet-shaped with pronounced constriction at base, 10-16 mm high × 15-22 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface glabrous to sparsely puberulent, inner surface sparsely to uniformly pubescent, scale tips appressed, acute; nut broadly ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 15-26 × 13-18 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, scar diam. 8-13 mm, scar often orangish.

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Diagnostic Description

Synonym

Quercus nuttallii E. J. Palmer; Q. rubra Linnaeus var. texana (Buckley) Buckley; Q. shumardii Buckley var. texana (Buckley) Ashe

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Ecology

Habitat

Comments: Low or wet woods.

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Habitat & Distribution

Flowering spring. Flood plains and bottomlands; 0-200 m; Ala., Ark., Ill., Ky., La., Miss., Mo., Tenn., Tex.

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Conservation

Conservation Status

NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: G4 - Apparently Secure

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National NatureServe Conservation Status

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

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Wikipedia

Quercus texana

Quercus texana, commonly known as Nuttall's Oak^[1] ^[2] ^[3] ^[4], is a fast growing large deciduous Oak tree native to North America from the lower Mississippi river valley from SE Missouri to Southern Louisiana and SE Texas and East through Mississippi to Central Alabama. It has sharp pointed leaves somewhat similar to the Georgia Oak (Quercus georgiana) and Pin Oak (Quercus palustris). It is fast growing and usually has nice red fall colors, much more reliably so than the more popular Pin Oak. It is still relatively obscure in the horticultural industry but is slowly gaining popularity due to its fast growth rate, ease of transplanting, good fall colors and ability to grow in wet soils. Its previous scientific name was Quercus nuttallii, but it is now known as Quercus texana; this has created much confusion with Texas Red Oak which was known as Quercus texana but is now known as Quercus buckleyi.^[5]

Natural range

References

^ "Oaks list for The State Botanical Garden of Kentucky" (English). http://www.ca.uky.edu/arboretum/brochures/Oaks.pdf. Retrieved 2010-05-09.
^ "J.C. Raulston slide 102-0276" (English). http://www.ncsu.edu/jcraulstonarboretum/photography/raulston_slides/raulston_slides_results.php?pageNum_slides_recordset=7&fullsearch=&box=&slide=&date=November%201989&photographer=&country=&usstate=&city=&location=&keywords=&othernotes=&plantnames=&commonnames=&families=&digitized=&plantnameID=. Retrieved 2010-05-09.
^ "Missouri Department of Conservation Species Scientific Name Index" (English). http://mdc.mo.gov/areas/natareas/scientif.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-09. ^{[dead link]}
^ "University of Illinois Extension; Critical Issues Forum, What is the Current Status of Oaks in Illinois?" (English). http://web.extension.illinois.edu/forestry/critical_issues/diversity_issue.html. Retrieved 2010-05-09.
^ Laurence J. Dorr and Kevin C. Nixon. 1985. Typification of the Oak (Quercus) Taxa Described by S. B. Buckley (1809-1884). Taxon 34(2): 211-228.

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