Spiranthes vernalis — Details

Spring Ladies'-tresses learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Distribution

Localities documented in Tropicos sources

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Ibidium vernale (Engelm. & A. Gray) House:
United States (North America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1515

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Localities documented in Tropicos sources

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Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A. Gray:
Canada (North America)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Nicaragua (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
Long, R. W. & O. K. Lakela. 1971. Fl. Trop. Florida i–xvii, 1–962. University of Miami Press, Coral Cables. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1506
Breedlove, D. E. 1986. Flora de Chiapas. Listados Floríst. México 4: i–v, 1–246. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/513
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/636
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1493
Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/637
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327
Voss, E. G. 1972. Gymnosperms and Monocots. i–xv, 1–488. In Michigan Fl. Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1494
Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic Wetland Pl. S.E. U.S. Monocot. 1–712. The University of Georgia Press, Athens. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1710
Ames, O. & D. S. Correll. 1952. Orchids of Guatemala. Fieldiana, Bot. 26(1): i–xiii, 1–395. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/2279
Gleason, H. A. & A. J. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.E. U.S. (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/40417
Gleason, H. A. & A. J. Cronquist. 1968. The Pteridophytoa, Gymnospermae and Monocotyledoneae. 1: 1–482. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1495
Dodson, C. H. 1992. Checklist of the Orchids of the Western Hemisphere. draft:. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/39812

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Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va.

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Gulf of Mexico

Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145245

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Source: World Register of Marine Species

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National Distribution

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United States

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

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Global Range: AL, AR, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, MI, MO, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, WI, WV.

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Physical Description

Morphology

Description

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Plants 20–65 cm. Roots numerous, spreading, mostly to 1 cm diam., stout. Leaves persisting through anthesis, to 4–5, basal, reduced to sheathing bracts upward on stem, spreading, linear-lanceolate, keeled, 5–25 × 1 cm. Inflorescences: spikes loosely to tightly spiraled, 3–7 or more flowers per cycle of spiral, sometimes nearly secund; rachis densely pubescent, trichomes articulate, pointed, capitate glands absent. Flowers nodding to somewhat ascending, white to cream, mostly gaping; sepals distinct to base, lanceolate, 6–10 × 2–3 mm; lateral sepals spreading; petals oblong, 6–9 × 2 mm, apex obtuse; lip creamy yellow centrally or some individuals with 2 brown-orange spots, ovate, 5–8 × 4 mm; veins of lip straight, branches parallel; basal calli conic, to 1 mm; viscidium linear-lanceolate; ovary mostly 8 mm. Seeds monoembryonic. 2n = 30.

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Diagnostic Description

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Spike conspicuously spiraled in a single rank. Leaves narrow (linear lanceolate). Hairs of pubescence pointed. Lip with a yellowish center.

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Synonym

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Ibidium vernale (Engelmann & A. Gray) House

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Type Information

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Type collection for Gyrostachys reverchonii Small
Catalog Number: US 27783
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): J. Reverchon
Locality: Dallas, Texas, United States, North America

Type collection: Small, J. K. 1898. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 25: 610.

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Ecology

Habitat

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--Oct (north). Dry to moist meadows, dune hollows, prairies, old fields, roadsides, cemeteries, lawns; 0--1000m.

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Depth range based on 6 specimens in 1 taxon.

Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0 - 0

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

Public Domain

Source: Ocean Biogeographic Information System

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Associations

Flower-Visiting Insects of Spring Ladies' Tresses in Illinois

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Spiranthes vernalis (Spring Ladies' Tresses)
(all insects suck nectar; the honeybee is effective at pollination, while the butterfly and skipper are non-pollinating; except for the wasp, observations are from Catling in Georgia, USA; the wasp observation in Rhode Island by another observer is cited by Catling – however, this may involve a misidentification, as this wasp is not known to survive the winters of temperate areas, except in greenhouses and other indoor locations)

Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apinae): Apis mellifera sn

Wasps
Eurytomidae: Eurytoma orchidearum sn np

Butterflies
Nymphalidae: Vanessa virginiensis sn np

Skippers
Hesperiidae: Erynnis zarucco sn np

Hilty, J. Editor. 2013. Insect Visitors of Illinois Wildflowers. World Wide Web electronic publication. illinoiswildflowers.info, version (05/2013)
See: Abbreviations for Insect Activities, Abbreviations for Scientific Observers, References for behavioral observations

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General Ecology

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Moist open areas, meadows, swales, bogs.

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Life History and Behavior

Cyclicity

Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering Jan (Fla.

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Spiranthes vernalis

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The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

No available public DNA sequences.

Download FASTA File

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Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Spiranthes vernalis

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 2
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

National NatureServe Conservation Status

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United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

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NatureServe Conservation Status

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Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

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Notes

Comments

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The habit of Spiranthes vernalis is variable: inflorescences range from secund to loosely and even densely coiled, and flower shapes vary as well. The most consistent diagnostic character is the presence in inflorescences of copious articulate, pointed trichomes that readily distinguish S. vernalis from similar species.

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