Facts about Variable Flatsedge (Cyperus difformis)

This species is native to southern Europe, most of Africa and Asia, and Australia.

Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Cyperus difformis L.:
Australia (Oceania)
Bolivia (South America)
Brazil (South America)
Costa Rica (Mesoamerica)
Ecuador (South America)
Guyana (South America)
India (Asia)
Japan (Asia)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Madagascar (Africa & Madagascar)
Nicaragua (Mesoamerica)
North Korea (Asia)
Nepal (Asia)
Panama (Mesoamerica)
Peru (South America)
Papua New Guinea (Asia)
Philippines (Asia)
Pakistan (Asia)
Malaysia (Asia)
Russian Federation (Asia)
South Korea (Asia)
Sri Lanka (Asia)
Thailand (Asia)
Tajikistan (Asia)
United States (North America)
Uzbekistan (Asia)
Venezuela (South America)
Caribbean (Caribbean)
Comoros (Africa & Madagascar)
China (Asia)
Vietnam (Asia)
Kazakhstan (Asia)
Kyrgyzstan (Asia)
Indonesia (Asia)
Bhutan (Asia)
Bangladesh (Asia)
Burma (Asia)
Afghanistan (Asia)

Forzza, R. C. & et al. 2010. 2010 Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil. http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/100002289
SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. Published protolog data. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/9990002
McVaugh, R. 1993. Cyperaceae. 13: 225–440. In R. McVaugh Fl. Novo-Galiciana. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1014787
Gómez-Laurito, J. 2003. Cyperaceae. In: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 92: 458–551. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1021934
Funk, V. A., P. E. Berry, S. Alexander, T. H. Hollowell & C. L. Kelloff. 2007. Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55: 1–584. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1033072
Baker, J. G. 1882-1883. Contributions to the flora of Madagascar. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 87–304. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/2049
Chermezon, H. 1937. Cyperacees. Fl. Madagasc. 29: 1–299. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/734
Müller, C., G. K. Müller & P. Gutte. 1981. Neufunde für die peruanische Flora: Gramineae, Cyperaceae. Willdenowia 11(2): 333–341. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/45177
Chermezon, H. 1936. Les Cypéracées des Comores. Notul. Syst. (Paris) 5(4): 267–278. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1003307
D'Arcy, W. G. 1987. Flora of Panama. Checklist and Index. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 17(1): i–xxx,. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1289
Rutenberg, C. 1880-1889. Reliquiae Rutenbergianae. Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 7(1): 1–54; 7(2): 198–214; 7(3): 335–365; 9(4): 401–403; 10(3): 369–396. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/7755
Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. N. S. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1031911
Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. 2008. Nuev. Cat. Fl. Vas. Venezuela 1–860. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1033110
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: i–viii, 1–1181. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/42250
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327
Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1717
Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1719
Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1968. The Pteridophytoa, Gymnospermae and Monocotyledoneae. 1: 1–482. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1495
Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez & A. O. Chater. (eds.) 1994. Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. Fl. Mesoamer. 6: i–xvi, 1–543. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/8200
Tucker, G. C. 1983. The taxonomy of Cyperus (Cyperaceae) in Costa Rica and Panama. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 2: 1–85. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/6789
Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic Wetland Pl. S.E. U.S. Monocot. 1–712. The University of Georgia Press, Athens. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1710
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1988-2013. Fl. China Unpaginated. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/42480
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2010. Fl. China 23: 1–515. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/100001734
Bryson, C. T., J. R. MacDonald, R. Carter & S. D. Jones. 1996. Noteworthy Carex, Cyperus, Eleocharis, Kyllinga, and Oxycaryum (Cyperaceae) from Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. Sida 17(2): 501–518. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1004830
Tucker, G. C. 1994. Revision of the Mexican species of Cyperus (Cyperaceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 43: 1–213. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1001306
Adams, C. D. 1994. 5. Cyperus L. Fl. Mesoamer. 6: 423–440. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1004967
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. (eds.) 1993. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: i–xl, 1–1286. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/7728

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Cyperus lateriflorus Torr.:
Mexico (Mesoamerica)

SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. Published protolog data. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/9990002

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

National Distribution

United States

Origin: Exotic

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

Source: NatureServe

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Distribution

Tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of both hemispheres. Common in rice fields.

Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Distribution

Distribution: Common weed from 35o S to 45o N in tropical and subtropical areas of all continents; from S. Europe to Turkey, Iraq, Caucasus, Uzbekistan, Tadjikistan, Pakistan and India.

Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Morphology

Comments

Cyperus difformis is naturalized in the New World and native to the Old World, where it ranges from southern Europe to southern Africa and eastward to Southeast Asia and Australia.

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Elevation Range

100-2700 m

Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Description

Annual, 25-60 cm. Roots reddish-brown. Stem c. 3 mm diam., sharply trigonous, smooth. Leaves shorter than stem; sheaths to c. 10 cm, green or yellow-brown, sometimes with reddish tint, mouth oblique; ligule c. 1 mm, papery, arch of attachment higher than wide; blades up to 50 cm, 3-5 mm wide, keeled, margins smooth, apex trigonous, scabrous. Inflorescence of 1-7 globose partial inflorescences, nearly sessile or peduncles to 30 mm; partial inflorescences 7-15 mm diam., axis tightly digitately branching and rebranching, with c. 100 or more sessile spikes. Bracts 2-3, lowest two foliose, to 20 cm or more, sheath-less. Spikes 2-5 x c. 1 mm, with 5-20 flowers; glumes c. 0.7 mm, deeply cymbiform, blunt, wider than long, midnerve strong, sides brown or dark brown, margins narrowly scarious; rachis compressed, slightly zigzagging, internodes c. 0.8 mm. Stamens 2. Nut c. 0.5 mm, obovoid, sharply trigonous, papillose, yellowish.

Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Description

Herbs, annual, cespitose. Culms 1–15, trigonous, 7–30 cm × 1.2–2.5 mm, soft (flattened in pressing), glabrous. Leaves 2–7, flat, (2–)7–22 cm × 2.2–4 mm. Inflorescences: heads dense, 7–17 mm diam.; when rays short, heads sessile or nearly so, then densely irregularly lobate, 12–35 mm diam.; rays 1–5, 2–32 mm; bracts 2–4, longest bract erect or nearly so, appearing as continuation of culm, other bracts horizontal to ascending, 1–22 cm × 0.5–3.5 mm, margins and keel minutely scabridulous. Spikelets 30–120, greenish brown to purplish brown, oblong-ellipsoid, compressed, (2–)3–5(–6) × 0.8–1.2 mm; floral scales (6–)12–20(–30), laterally clear margins, stramineous to deep purple, medially greenish, stramineous, or purplish, laterally ribless, medially 3-ribbed, obovate to orbiculate, 0.6–0.8 × 0.6–0.8 mm, apex mucronulate. Flowers: stamens 1 or 2; anthers ovoid-ellipsoid, 0.1 mm, connective not prolonged; styles 0.1 mm; stigmas 0.1–0.3 mm. Achenes light brown, obovoid-ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 × 0.3–0.4 mm (as long as subtending scale), base cuneate, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces finely reticulate, papillose.

Flora of North America @ eFloras.org

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Diagnostic Description

Synonym

Cyperus lateriflorus Torrey

Flora of North America @ eFloras.org

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

Habitat and Ecology

The plant normally grows in flooded or in very moist soils. It is frequently found in small pools, along rivers, canals, and streams, in open wet places, and in grassy swamps. It grows best in rich, fertile soils, but can grow in poorer sandy or clay soils of unused lands or in fallow rice fields.

Systems

Freshwater

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Habitat

Rice fields, ditches, irrigation channels, grassy swamps.

Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Habitat & Distribution

Fruiting summer. Disturbed, muddy soils, shallow waters; 0–1000 m; introduced; Ala., Ariz., Calif., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ky., La., Miss., N.J., N.Mex., N.C., Oreg., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va.; Mexico; West Indies (Puerto Rico); Central America (Nicaragua, Panama); South America; Eurasia; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia.

Flora of North America @ eFloras.org

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Cyclicity

Flower/Fruit

Fl. Per.: July – October.

Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Cyperus difformis

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 1
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY 3.0)

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

Red List Category

LC

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2011

Assessor/s

Gupta, A.K.

Reviewer/s

Sadasivaiah, B., Bhat, G.K., Rao, M.L.V., Dahanukar, N. & Molur, S.

Contributor/s

Justification

This species is widespread and faces no major threat. It is therefore listed as Least Concern.

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

National NatureServe Conservation Status

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable

Source: NatureServe

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked

Source: NatureServe

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Trends

Population

Population

It is a fairly abundant in freshwater habitats and considered a problematic weed in rice fields.

Population Trend

Stable

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Threats

Major Threats

No known major widespread threats to this species

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Management

Conservation Actions

Conservation Actions

No conservation measures are in place or needed.

Source: IUCN

Trusted

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5

Cyperus difformis

Cyperus difformis is a species of sedge known by several common names, including variable flatsedge and smallflower umbrella-sedge. This plant is native to southern Europe, most of Africa and Asia, and Australia, and it is naturalized in other areas of the world, including large parts of the Americas. It is a plant of aquatic and moist habitats. It is a weed of rice fields, but not generally a troublesome one. This is an annual herb with one to many thin, soft erect stems reaching over 30 centimeters in maximum height. There are usually a few long, wispy leaves around the base of the plant. The inflorescence is a rounded bundle one to three centimeters wide, containing up to 120 spikelets, each long and partially or entirely covered in up to 30 bracted flowers. The flowers are light brown with areas darker brown and sometimes a yellowish or purplish tint.

Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-SA 3.0)

Source: Wikipedia

Unreviewed

Article rating from 0 people

Average rating: 2.5 of 5